Introduction: -The technique of scientific management helps a manager to apply
the principles of scientific management effectively.
The techniques
of Scientific Management are discussed below:
1. Time Study: -This
technique helps a manager to calculate the time required to perform a
particular job. He can take the decision about production or completion of an
activity with the help of this technique. The time study is based on the speed
of average worker. Every part of the total work is studied in detail and the
time required to perform that job is calculated. This enables the manager to
ascertain the standard time taken to complete a specific job. The manager can
decide the remuneration to be paid to the worker based on this.
2.
Motion
Study:
-Motion study is the close study of body movements.
That is the movements of hands, legs and other body parts. Manager should study
these movements. This study helps the manager to understand the movements
required for a person to do a particular task. This technique can be used by
the manager to eliminate the unnecessary movements for doing the job. With the
help of motion study the manager can eliminate or combine some actions in the
process. Motion study increases efficiency and productivity of the employees.
3.
Functional
Foremanship:
-This technique refers to the guidance given
to the worker by a specialist foreman. According to this technique a single
worker is supervised by different supervisors. For doing a particular job, the
worker performs various small tasks. While doing this job he will get the
guidance and will be supervised by different superiors for each task. This
techniques is exactly opposite of Fayol's principle of unit of command.
According to Fayol there should one boss for worker but according to this
technique for one worker there can be many supervisors.
4.
Standardization: -Standardization
in the production implies (i)
Selecting the standard tools and equipments for production and (ii) maintaining standard working
conditions at the place of work. The management should provide good quality of
tools and equipments used for production of a good quality. This helps the
workers to perform the job easily and efficiently. This technique minimize the
cost and makes best use of available resources.
5.
Different
Piece Rate Plan:
-According to Taylor there should discrimination between
the efficient and inefficient workers. The payment should be made according to
the performance of the worker. The efficient workers should be paid more
whereas inefficient workers should be paid less remuneration. In this method a
standard is fixed for production. Those who produce more than the standard
should be paid more in the form of an incentive and those who perform less than
the standard should be paid less as penalty.
