Physical state,
Lustre, Density, Ductility and malleability Brittleness, conduction of heat and
electricity, Electronic configuration, Formation of ions, Reaction with dilute
acids, Nature of oxides, Reactivity.
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Metals
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Nonmetals
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1.
Physical state: - Under ordinary conditions of pressure and temperature, metals
are generally solid, except mercury and gallium which are liquids.
2.
Lustre: - Metals usually
have a high lustre called metallic lustre.
3.
Density: - Metals usually
have high density, except sodium and potassium.
4.
Ductility and
malleability: - Metals are ductile and malleable.
5. Brittleness: - Metals are usually hard, but not brittle, except
sodium, potassium, zinc and
lead.
6.
Conduction of heat and
electricity: - Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
7.
Electronic Configuration:
- The atoms of metals usually have less than four electrons in their
outermost orbits.
8.
Formation of ions: - The
property of metals to form positive ions (cations) by losing valence electrons
is called electropositive character.
9.
Reaction with dilute
acids: - Most of the metals react with mineral acids forming the
corresponding salts.
10.
Nature of oxides: - Both
metals and nonmetals combine with oxygen to form oxides. Mostly metals form
basic oxides. These oxides react with acids to form salt and water.
11.
Reactivity: - If the
number of electrons in the outermost orbit of the atom of a metal is less,
then the metal is more reactive.
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1.
Physical state: - Under ordinary temperature, nonmetals may be solid, liquid or
gaseous.
2.
Lustre: - Nonmetals lack
lustre, except carbon as diamond and iodine.
3.
Density: -Nonmetals have
low density
4.
Ductility and
Malleability: - Non metals are not ductile and malleable.
5.
Brittleness: - Nonmetals
are brittle in the solid state.
6.
Conduction of heat and
electricity: - Nonmetals are bad conductors of heat and electricity.
7.
Electronic configuration:
- The atoms of nonmetals usually have more than four electrons in their
outermost orbits.
8.
Formation of ions: - The
property of non metals to form negative ions (anions) by gaining electrons is
called electronegative character.
9.
Reaction with dilute
acids: - Nonmetals generally do not react with dilute mineral acids.
10.
Nature of oxides: - Both
metals and nonmetals combine with oxygen to form oxides. Mostly metals form
basic oxides. These oxides react with acids to form salt and water.
11.
Reactivity: - If the
number of electrons in the outermost orbit of the atom of a nonmetal is more,
then the nonmetal is more reactive.
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