Amazing
world of carbon compounds
Q1. Fill in the blanks.
1. The organic compounds having double or
triple bond in them are termed as _______(unsaturated)
2. The general formula of alkanes is
_____________.
)
3. _____________ are known as parent organic
compounds. (hydrocarbons)
4. Covalent compounds are generally soluble
in ____________ solvents. (organic)
5. Triple bond can be obtained by sharing
____________ pairs or ________ electrons. (three, shared)
6. Hydrocarbons necessarily contain
_____________ and ______________. (hydrogen, carbon)
Q2. Give the IUPAC name of the following compounds.
1.
Ans.
2.
Ans.
Q3. Write short notes on
1.
Catenation
Ans.
i.
The remarkable property of carbon atom to form
bonds with itself and give rise to a single structure of chain is called
catenation.
ii.
Such carbon chains can be straight or branched
forming large molecules.
iii.
The two ends of some chains join together to form
closed ring – like structures.
iv.
While catenating, the bonds between carbon atoms
can be single, double or triple covalent bonds.
2.
Functional group
Ans.
i.
The atoms or group of atoms present in the molecule
which determines characteristic property of organic compounds are called the
functional group.
ii.
Halides (F, Cl, Br, I) aldehyde (- CHO), Hydroxyl (
- OH), Carboxyl (- COOH), etc., are some of the functional groups.
iii.
The chemical properties of different compounds
having the same functional groups are different.
iv.
There exists a homologous series of one particular
type of functional group, e.g., alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, etc.
3.
Homologous series.
Ans.
i.
A group of organic compounds containing same
functional group which can be represented by the same general formula and which
have similar trends in their properties are called a homologous series.
ii.
In the general formula of compounds of a homologous
series, the symbol R is used to represent its functional group.
iii.
Alcohols (R – OH), Aldehydes (R – CHO), Carboxylic
acid (R – COOH), Ketones(R-C(=O)-R') are some of homologous series and their
general formulae.
iv.
The alkanes family is a homologous family which
have linear molecules. Examples: Ethane C2H6, Propane C3H8,
Butane C4H10, Pentane C5H12.
Q4.
Differentiate between: Detergents and soaps
Detergents
|
Soaps
|
i.
Detergents are generally ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain
carboxylic acids.
ii.
Detergents have a strong cleansing action.
iii.
Oils or fats are not used in their manufacture, usually
petrochemicals are used to produce detergents.
iv.
They function well in hard or soft water.
|
i.
Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids.
ii.
Soaps have relatively weak cleansing action.
iii.
Vegetable oils or animal fats are used along with hydroxide of sodium
or potassium to manufacture soaps.
iv.
They do not work well in had water but work well in soft water.
|
Q5. Answer the following.
1.
Draw chain and ring structures of organic compound
having six carbon atoms in them.
Ans. a) chain
structure –
b) Ring structure:
-
2.
Which organic compounds are named as Alkanol in
IUPAC system?
Ans. In IUPAC method, alcohols are named as AlKanol. In naming the
alcholols by IUPAC method the last ‘e’ of the parent alkane is replaced by ‘ol’
to indicate the presence of OH group.
3.
Explain: What do you understand by substitution
reaction?
Ans.
i.
Reaction where substitution of one or more atoms in
a molecule for another atom takes place are called substitution reactions.
Saturated hydrocarbons undergo substitution reaction.
ii.
In Substitution reaction one or more hydrogen atom
of a hydrocarbon are replaced by some other atom (like chlorine)
iii.
Ex: Substitution reaction of methane with chlorine.
Methane reacts
with chlorine in the presence of sunlight to form methyl chloride and hydrogen
chloride.
4.
Which organic compounds readily undergo addition
reactions? Why?
Ans. Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions, that is
addition reactions are given by all the alkenes and alkynes. This is because
reactants add to the carbon atoms of
double and
bond to form
a single product of saturated hydrocarbon.
For Eg.
5.
State two examples of (organic) compound having
covalent bond and two examples having ionic bond.
Ans.
i.
Hydrocarbons like methane and ethane have covalent
bonds.
ii.
In organic compounds line NaCl and KMnO4
have ionic bonds.
6.
State and explain how alkanes are further
classified.
Ans. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds. Alkanes are
further classified as:
i.
Straight chain alkanes: The alkanes in which all
the carbon atoms are attached by covalent bonds in a continuous chain are
called straight chain alkanes or normal alkanes Eg. CH3 – CH2
– CH2 – CH3 is normal butane or n – butane.
ii.
Branched chain alkanes: - The alkanes in which all
the carbon atoms are not in a continuous chain and some of them are linked to
other carbon atoms to make the branch are called branched chain alkanes.
a. The alkanes,
in which there is only one carbon chain attached to the second carbon atom of
the long chain are called iso – alkanes Eg.
b. The alkanes,
in which there are two single carbon branches, attached the second carbon atom
of the long chain are called neo – alkanes. Eg.
7.
What are alkynes? Name the first member of alkyne
family.
Ans. Hydrocarbons containing triple bonds between carbon atoms are
alkynes. The first member of alkyne family is ethyne or acetylene
SCIENCE & TECH.
CH. NO. 1 SCHOOL OF ELEMENTS
CH. NO. 2 THE MAGIC OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CH. NO. 3 ACID BASE CHEMISTRY
CH. NO. 4 ELECTRIC SPARK
CH. NO. 5 ELECTROMAGNETISM
CH. NO. 6 WONDERS OF LIGHT PART - I
CH. NO. 7 WONDERS OF LIGHT PART II
CH. NO. 8 UNDERSTANDING METALS NON METALS
CH. NO. 9 AMAZING WORLD OF CARBON COMPOUNDS
CH. NO. 10 LIFE'S INTERNALSECRETS
CH. NO. 11 REGULATORS OF LIFE
CH. NO. 12 LIFE CYCLE
CH. NO. 13 MAPPING OUR GENES
CH. NO. 14 STRIVING FOR BETTER ENVIRONMENT PART I
CH. NO. 15 STRIVING FOR BETTER ENVIRONMENT PART - II
