1. The Punjab-Haryana Plain is formed of sediments brought by the Himalayan Rivers. so, geologically, the region is of a recent origin.
2. The Shiwalik ranges from its northern boundary, while the Delhi Ridge, an offshoot of the Aravalis range, is located in the eastern border. Pakistan lies to its west and the Thar Desert, to its south.
3. It is a fertile alluvial plain with many rivers and extensive canal system. It slopes to the south and southwest. Its surface is slightly rolling.
4. Its northeastern part is a belt of undulating hills, about 300 m above sea level. The southwestern part, about 175 m above sea level, is semi-arid, eventually merging into Rajasthan Desert.
5. The northern part of the region is drained by the rivers Ravi, Beas and Sutluj.
6. Ghaggar is a main seasonal river in Haryana in the area between the Sutluj and Yamuna rivers. It rises in the Shiwaliks, flows through Haryana and then goes to Rajasthan.
