1.
Allotropy: - The property
by which an element exists in tow or more crystalline forms is called
allotropy.
2.
Alloy: - An alloy is a
homogeneous mixture of two or more metals or metal and a nonmetal.
3.
Calcinations: - The process
of strongly heating the concentrated ore in the limited supply of air and
converting into its oxide is called calcinations.
4.
Dry ice: - Solid carbon
dioxide is called dry ice.
5.
Ductility: - The property
of a metal due to which it can be drawn into a wire is called ductility.
6.
Gangue: - The unwanted
material present in an ore is called gangue. For example impure sand and rocky
material in an ore.
7.
Malleability: - The property
of a metal due to which it can be hammered into a thin sheet without cracking
is called malleability.
8.
Metal: - The element which
can form positive ions by the loss of electrons is called metal. Iron and
copper are metals.
9.
Metallurgy: - The process
of extraction of metals from their ores, refining, and alloying them is called
metallurgy.
10.
Metalloid: - The element
which shows the properties of metals as well as those of nonmetals is called a
metalloid. Arsenic and antimony are metalloids.
11.
Milk of sulphur: - Sulphur
12.
Mineral: - A mineral is a material in
the earth’s crust in which elements and compounds of inorganic nature are
formed naturally.
13.
Nonmetal: - The element
which can form negative ions by the gain of electrons is called nonmetal.
Phosphorus and sulphur are nonmetals.
14.
Ore
15.
Pig iron: - The iron
which is obtained from the blast furnace is called cast or pig iron. It
contains carbon as major impurity upto 4%.
16.
Reduction: - The chemical
reaction in which oxygen is removed from a compound is called reduction. Or the
conversion of metal ion into elemental metal is called reduction. Or the
process of obtaining a metal from its oxides is called reduction.
17.
Refining: - The process of
purification of an impure metal is known as refining of the metal.
18.
Roasting: - The process of
heating the concentrated ore to a high temperature in excess of air, and converting
into its oxide is called roasting.
