Career Counselling
Career
counselling is now a days an emerging field in counselling, which gives
relevant information regarding different career. Career Guidance helps the
students to select the career according to their choice and interest. Career
counselling is now being increasingly stressed as an integral part of
education.Inorder to secure the right job, the right career choice is formost
in the minds of every job seeker with /with out professional qualifications.
The demands of the modern age are very complex. In addition to the right kind
of job, and the right approach in this direction.
The original approach to formal
vocational counseling is generally traced back to Frank Parsons (1909). Parsons
became interested in unemployed school leavers and developed a counseling
service in the Boston Civic House, a social settlement. In 1909, he published a
book (Choosing a Vocation) in which he structured the three steps of
vocational counseling as he viewed them in practice: self-analysis,
occupational analysis, and true reasoning or counseling to relate personal and
occupational information. Since Parsons' original contribution, a variety of
approaches to career counseling have been developed representing a rich range
of intellectual perspectives. Differential, developmental, social learning,
cognitive, sociological, economic, and mathematical models have all been used.
Career Counselling can be defined
as the process of helping and enabling people in their career development.
Career counselling and guidance may involve both face-to-face help or may be
mediated through telephone, letter, text, or even the internet. However, most
important of all remains the one-to-one interview between the career counsellor
and the client. A career counsellor would be facing clients who are making
career decisions and choices or coping with life changes, which relate to their
working life -- career changes, redundancy and unemployment.
In 1981, Crites used this model and
methods of career counseling to define the unique parameters of a given career
counseling approach and provide a schema for synthesizing the approaches
(trait-and-factor, client-centered, psychodynamic, developmental, and
behavioral). The methods of career counseling are more pragmatic than
theoretical and attempt to translate the model into operational terms ( Crites,
1981). They include the interview techniques used by the counselor, the
test-interpretation procedures engaged in by the client and counselor, and the
acquisition and use of occupational information.
Career
Counselling is a life long process since the individual choose an occupation,
prepare for it, and make progress in it. Career Counselling has to do with
knowing their interest, selection of their subject, formation of their study
habit and make them progress in those subject and activities and attain the
ultimate aim of getting good career as per their wish.
It is
concerned primarly with helping the individual to make decisions and chocies
involved in planning for future and to form career decisions and choice
necessary in affecting career adjustment. It stands to take necessary care of
the interest of the individual.
Career counselling is a
personalized process that combines both intuitive and cognitive techniques to
help to understand oneself, explore career options, and clarify and attain
desired career goals. The processes of career counselling offer insight,
guidance and support to help students to understand and manage different career
and lifestyle issues.
Jones et al. (1970) proposed that
the following five assumptions underlie the trait-factor conception of
vocational development:
- Vocational development is largely a cognitive process
in which the individual uses reasoning to arrive at his decision
- Occupational choice is a single event
- There is a single right goal for everyone making
decisions about work.
- A single type of person works in each job.
- There is an occupational choice available to each
individual
Career counselling and guidance
generally involves face-to-face interaction and interaction through telephone,
letters, or Internet. However, most important of all is the one-to-one
interaction between the career counsellor and the client. A career counsellor
deals with people who are making career decisions and choices or coping with
changes like- choice of subjects, career changes, and redundancy. The matter of
career decision, and a student's direction and progress towards professional
goals often play a crucial role in the development of individual identity and
purpose, as well as positive self-esteem and interpersonalfunctioning.
Career
counselling acts as a process of self-exploration and interest, identification
of the client and helps in career choice and decision making.Career counselling,
thus spans both the internal psychology of the person and external context of
education and employment.
Career counsellor helps the student s to
evaluate their abilities, interests, talents and personality characteristic to
develop realistic academic and career goals. Career counsellor also helps the
individuals make career decisions after exploring and evaluating their
education, training, work experience, interest, skills and personal traits and
arrange for aptitude and achievement tests.This helps the individual to develop
job search skills such as resume writing and interviewing techniques.
Career counsellors should know in
broad terms how one occupational field differs from another and the different
levels each jobs within each field. A wide knowledge of career opportunities is
essential for career counsellors, so that the counsellor will be able to give
appropriate suggestions at the career planning stage and also assesses the
client’s view of the opportunities and can be provide information on existing
career. Based on the client’s wish, counsellor can help him/her to choose a
career according to his/her wish.
In
the College, the management should take the initiative in installing
career/behavioural counselling as part of its infrastructure. It should
convince the students and the parents about the advantages of counselling by
removing any misgivings and being open about the system. A broad knowledge of career opportunities will
be available through effective career counselling.
Qualifications for a career counselor
Searching
for a professional to help improve any aspect of your life takes time. It is
important to know about the person's qualifications, experience, and style of
practice. Even though all counselors are different, and your session should be
tailored to your specific needs, there are some actions that all counselors
should be able to perform· --
-Conduct personal counseling
sessions to help you clarify career goals
· Administer and interpret tests to assess your skills and interests, to help identify career options
· Plan career exploratory activities through assignments
· Provide exercises for improving decision-making skills
· Help you to develop a personal career plan
· Teach strategies for job search
· Administer and interpret tests to assess your skills and interests, to help identify career options
· Plan career exploratory activities through assignments
· Provide exercises for improving decision-making skills
· Help you to develop a personal career plan
· Teach strategies for job search
- Skills and assist in the
development of resumes.
· Provide support for those experiencing job stress, job loss, and career transition
· Provide support for those experiencing job stress, job loss, and career transition
Like other
professions, career counseling has filled with guidelines, certifications,
special distinctions, and ethical standards. Most counselors have some level of
certification.
Career
Consultant
The
recent years the new title “consultant “popularised .the consultants have
special insight into the field though they don’t have related academic
degrees.But they are offering good
practical support in real life training.
Career Counselor
Career Counsellors are professionals who hold degrees in related areas, such as Counseling or Psychology, who have chosen to concentrate in the field of career development. Their strength is the academic training they receive in counseling, helping them to understand how different personalities work in a professional setting. As counselors advance in education and experience level, there are higher levels of recognition they may receive.
Career Counsellors are professionals who hold degrees in related areas, such as Counseling or Psychology, who have chosen to concentrate in the field of career development. Their strength is the academic training they receive in counseling, helping them to understand how different personalities work in a professional setting. As counselors advance in education and experience level, there are higher levels of recognition they may receive.
As per the National Career Development
Association, a person could be certified on one of the following levels as a
Career Counsellor.
1. The National Certified Career Counselor is a title held by a person who has a graduate degree in counseling or a related professional field from an accredited institution, completed supervised counseling experience which included career counseling, acquired a minimum of three years of full-time career development work experience, and successfully completed a knowledge-based certification examination.
2. In 1999, the NCDA retired this title, and made all who held it into Master Career Counselors. Other qualifications, professionals hold a master's degree in counseling or related field and have been active as an NCDA member for a minimum of two years. An MCC has at least three years of experience in career counseling and must successfully complete a supervised career counseling practicum. MCCs are skilled in administering and interpreting career assessments and provide the highest quality of career counseling services
1. The National Certified Career Counselor is a title held by a person who has a graduate degree in counseling or a related professional field from an accredited institution, completed supervised counseling experience which included career counseling, acquired a minimum of three years of full-time career development work experience, and successfully completed a knowledge-based certification examination.
2. In 1999, the NCDA retired this title, and made all who held it into Master Career Counselors. Other qualifications, professionals hold a master's degree in counseling or related field and have been active as an NCDA member for a minimum of two years. An MCC has at least three years of experience in career counseling and must successfully complete a supervised career counseling practicum. MCCs are skilled in administering and interpreting career assessments and provide the highest quality of career counseling services
3. The Master Career Development Professional (MCDP) is an NCDA member who
holds a master's degree or higher in counseling or related field. The MCDP has
at least three years of postmaster’s career development experience in training,
teaching, program development, or materials development.
4. The Fellow is an NCDA member of professional distinction. A Fellow designation recognizes outstanding and substantial contributions to career development in science, teaching and training, practice, service, policy development, and political action.
4. The Fellow is an NCDA member of professional distinction. A Fellow designation recognizes outstanding and substantial contributions to career development in science, teaching and training, practice, service, policy development, and political action.
Holland
Based on holland theory related to career, there are
six basic types individuals like Realistic, Invesatigative, artistic, social,
enterprising and conventional. They prefer their career as per their basic
type.
The descriptions below are giving a brief idea of
each of the types.
Realistic type individual’s preferes the careers like mechanical
engineer, production planner, building inspector, safety engineer, and marine
surveyor etc. They enjoy working outdoors, and like to work with tools and
machines. This type of people generally prefers to work with things rather than
people.
Investigative Iindividuals consisting of
this category are biochemist, orthodontist, anthropologist, economist,
researcher, and management analyst. They have usually has mathematical and
scientific abilities, enjoys working alone, enjoys research, and likes to solve
problems. They prefer working with ideas rather than with people or things.
Artistic Individuals likes careers
such as architect, copywriter, technical editor, story editor, composer, stage
director, interior decorator, and commercial designer. They enjoys creating
original work, and has a good imagination. They prefer to enjoy working with
ideas rather than things.
Social type individual choose social
careers such as teacher, clinical psychologist, psychiatric caseworker,
personnel manager, paralegal assistant, and speech therapist. The have social
skills, is interested in human relationships, and likes to help others with
problems. They work with people rather than with things.
Enterprising individuals prefer the careers
such as public relations representative, financial planner, real estate agent,
sales representative, stockbroker, and attorney. They have skill in leadership
and speaking abilities.They likes to work with people and ideas rather than
things
Conventional individuals prefer the careers
such as accountant, cost clerk, bookkeeper, budget analyst, and business
programmer. They enjoys working with words and numbers.
Vocational development is the process by which
individuals choose a career path or occupation.
Individuals continue to develop vocationally throughout their lives, and
many have several major careers as personal needs and interests change.
Choosing a Career –
The career counsellor should asssess following areas
through that the counsellor can help the clients while choosing a career
- aptitude
- skills
- personality
- The level
of responsibility that suits him/her
- interests
- needs
- priorities
Evaluating a Job Offer
The career counselor
also able to help the counselee to assess the job offer. A good job offers give
opportunities to learn new skills, increase earnings, and rise to positions of
greater authority, responsibility, and prestige. When they receive a job offer,
they will be able to take apt decision that whether they accept the job or not.
Thus, a career
counsellor plays a very vital role in taking career decision by the counselee.
