Chapter 4: Business Services
Select the correct option and rewrite the sentence.
Door to door service is provided by _________ transport.
railway
road
air
Solution:
Door to door service is provided by road transport.
__________ creates time utility.
Warehouse
Transport
Government
Solution:
Warehouse creates time utility.
_____________ warehouses provide facilities for perishable commodities.
Bonded
Cold storage
Government
Solution:
Cold storage warehouses provide facilities for perishable commodities.
_____________ policy covers all types of risks of a vessel while it is anchored at the port for a particular period of time.
Port risk
Voyage
Floating
Solution:
Port risk policy covers all types of risks of a vessel while it is anchored at the port for a particular period of time.
Principle of ___________ is not applicable to life insurance.
insurable interest
utmost good faith
indemnity
Solution:
Principle of indemnity is not applicable to life insurance.
Match the pairs.
Solution:
Give one word/phrase/term for the following sentence.
These warehouses are owned, managed and controlled by central and state governments or public authorities.
Solution:
These warehouses are owned, managed, and controlled by central and state governments or public authorities. - Government warehouse
An art of exchanging ideas, facts, information, etc . from one person or entity to another.
Solution:
An art of exchanging ideas, facts, information, etc. from one person or entity to another. - Communication
A rail system in which the track consists of a single rail or a beam.
Solution:
A rail system in which the track consists of a single rail or a beam. - Monorail
A transport system used to carry petroleum and gases.
Solution:
A transport system used to carry petroleum and gases. - Pipeline transport
A ministry that looks after the development of surface transport throughout the country.
Solution:
A ministry that looks after the development of surface transport throughout the country. - Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
State whether the following statement are true or false.
Business services are important for the growth of business.
True
False
Current Account is opened by salaried persons.
True
False
NEFT stands for National Electric Fund Transfer.
True
False
State whether the following statement is true or false.
Air transport is the cheapest mode of transport.
True
False
The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite to link devices worldwide.
True
False
Find the odd one.
Primary credit co-operative society
state co-operative bank
district co-operative bank
ex-change bank
NABARD
RBI
SIDBI
EXIM
Endowment policy
Whole life policy
Money back policy
Blanket policy
Complete the sentence.
The term bank comes from the French word _________
Solution:
The term bank comes from the French word Banco
_________ warehouses provide facilities for perishable commodities
Solution:
Cold Storage warehouses provide facilities for perishable commodities
In ________ policy, several ships belonging to one owner are insured under the same policy.
Solution:
In fleet policy, several ships belonging to one owner are insured under the same policy.
_______ banking refers to the use of banking services with the help of mobile phones.
Solution:
Mobile banking refers to the use of banking services with the help of mobile phones.
Select the correct option and complete the following table.
(RTGS, SIDBI, apex financial institution in banking industry of country, recurring deposit, long term loans)
Solution:
Answer in one sentence.
What is debit card?
Solution:
Most of the banks nowadays offer debit cards as soon as the account is opened by the account holder. Through debit card payments, the amount gets deducted from the account holder's account.
What is 'subject matter' in insurance?
Solution:
Subject matter refers to the subject or entity i.e life, property, cargo or ship, etc. which is insured against which the policy is taken.
What is a government warehouse?
Solution:
These warehouses are owned, managed, and controlled by central and state governments or public authorities. It is difficult for small farmers, businessmen, traders to own a warehouse, so these government warehouses assist them in storing their goods at a nominal charge.
What is air transport?
Solution:
Air transport carries the goods and passengers through airways by using different aircrafts like passenger aircrafts, cargo aircraft, helicopters etc. This is the fastest mode of transport but it does not provide door to door service.
What is communication?
Solution:
Communication is an art of exchanging ideas, facts, information, etc. from one person or entity to another. The process of passing any information from one person to another with the help of some medium is termed as communication.
Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentence.
Overdraft facility is available for savings bank account holders.
Solution:
Overdraft facility is available for Current bank account holder.
Services are tangible in nature.
Solution:
Services are Intangible in nature.
Insurance helps to maximize the risks in the business.
Solution:
Insurance helps to minimize the risks in the business.
The foreign bank is the apex financial institution in the banking industry in the country.
Solution:
The central bank is the apex financial institution in the banking industry in the country.
RTGS stands for Reasonable Time Gross Settlement.
Solution:
RTGS stands for real Time Gross Settlement.
Arrange in proper order.
Claim, Accident, Taking the policy, Compensation
Solution:
Taking the policy, Accident, Claim, Compensation
Email, Inland letter, Courier
Solution:
Inland letter, Courier, E-mail
Explain the following term/concept.
Transport
Solution:
Transportation is the movement of people, animals, and goods from one location to another location or it can be defined as a means of carrying goods and people from one place to another place.
Communication
Solution:
Communication is an art of exchanging ideas, facts, information, etc. from one person or entity to another. The process of passing any information from one person to another with the help of some medium is termed as communication. Communication is a very simple process where the message is being transferred from a sender to the receiver. The receiver after receiving the message understands it in the desired form and then acts accordingly.
Banking
Solution:
The term Bank comes from the French word 'Banco' which means a 'bench'. In earlier days, money-lenders used to display coins of different currencies in big heaps or benches or tables for the purpose of lending or exchanging.
A bank is a financial institution which deals with deposits and advances and other related services. Bank provides various services related to money or financial requirements of consumers.
Insurance
Solution:
Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss. It is a form of risk management, primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent or uncertain loss. Insurance is a contract between the insurer and the insured, whereby the insurer agrees to compensate the insured against loss. The insured has to pay a certain fixed sum of money on timely basis to the insurer.
Warehousing
Solution:
Warehousing refers to the storage of goods and consists of all those activities which are connected with the storage and preservation of goods. It is a means of storing goods. Warehousing can be defined as a group of activities connected with the storing and preserving of stored goods from the time of production until the time of consumption.
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.
Ms.Harshali has started a new business two years ago. Her customers are located in different parts of the country and hence they are directly depositing bill amounts in her business account. At the same time, she used to pay various payments from this account only.
i) Identify the Type of account maintained by Ms. Harshali.
ii) Suggest anyone modern way of money transfer to Ms.Harshali.
iii) What kind of facility does she get on her bank account?
Solution:
The type of account maintained by Ms. Harshali is the current account.
NEFT stands for National Electronic Fund Transfer. Under this system, funds are transferred electronically from one branch to another branch or one bank to another bank in the country. The client has to give details of the NEFT code of branch and account number of a beneficiary to whom the money is to be transferred.
1. An overdraft facility is available for the current account.
2. For the current account, banks provide a statement of account every month.
Mr. Jagan is a salaried person. He wants to take policy for his two children which assures them protection as well as completes their financial needs once they become major by age.
i) Suggest him a policy which can satisfy the requirements of his children.
ii) Who are beneficiaries of policy?
iii) In the above case which principle is involved?
Solution:
Mr. Jagan, a salaried person should take "Child Insurance Policy" to satisfy the financial requirements of his children.
In a child insurance policy, children of the insured person are the beneficiaries.
In the above case, the principle of insurable interest is involved.
Mr. Sharan is a successful manufacturer. He is having production units at various locations. He is having multiple production units, he has a large stock of raw material and finished goods. He is worried about safeguarding goods from any unwanted financial loss. He also requires transferring raw material and finished goods from one unit to another but does not have any facility for that. He also requires funds for expansion.
i) Name the service which will help him to safeguard goods from any damage?.
ii) Which service will help him to remove the difficulty of the place?
iii) From which service sector will he get financial support?
Solution:
Warehousing is the service that helps Mr. Sharan to safeguard his goods from any damage.
Transport service will help Mr. Sharan to remove the difficulty of the place.
Mr. Sharan will get financial support from the Banking sector.
Mr. Amit is a businessman. He has his own factories in Pune and Nashik. He lives in Pune with his wife and 2 daughters aged 5 and 8 years.
i) Can Mr. Amit take a life insurance policy for his wife and 2 children?
ii) Can Mr. Amit take a marine insurance policy for his factories?
iii) Which type of insurance should Mr. Amit take for protecting his factories from loss due to fire?
Solution:
Mr. Amit can take whole life policy or term insurance policy for his wife and child insurance policy or money back policy for his daughters.
Mr. Amit cannot take marine. insurance policy for his factories.
Mr. Amit can take Floating Fire Insurance Policy for protecting his factories at Pune and Nashik.
Distinguish between.
Duty Paid Warehouse and Bonded Warehouse
Solution:
Central Bank and Commercial Bank
Solution:
Road Transport and Air Transport
Solution:
Life Insurance and Marine Insurance
Solution:
Savings Account and Current Account
Solution:
Life Insurance and Fire Insurance
Solution:
Road Transport and Rail Transport
Solution:
Rail Transport and Air Transport
Solution:
Current Account and Fixed Deposit Account.
Solution:
Answer in brief.
State four types of deposits.
Solution:
1) Time Deposits:
Time deposits are called time deposits because they are repaid to the customers after the expiry of decided time.
2) Fixed Deposit:
A fixed deposit account is an account where a fixed amount is kept for a fixed period of time bearing a fixed interest rate. The rate of interest is more as compared to saving bank account and varies with the deposit period.
3. Recurring Deposit:
It is operated by salaried persons and businessmen having a regular income. A certain fixed sum of money is deposited into the account every month. Withdrawal of accumulated amount along with interest is paid after the maturity date.
4. Demand Deposits:
Demand deposits are those which are repaid to customers whenever they demand. That means money can be withdrawn as per the wish of the customer through withdrawal slips, Cheques, ATM cards, online transfer, etc.
State four modes of transport.
Modes of transport:
Generally, transportation is carried through various modes such as railways, roads, waterways, and the airway. Modes of transport are as follows:
1) Road Transport:
Roads are means that connect people and places on the surface of the land. It provides all-over connectivity in any terrain as compared to other modes of transport.
Various means of transport are used under road transport such as bullock carts, cycles, rickshaws, buses, cars, etc.
2) Rail Transport:
Transportation of goods and passengers on rail lines through trains is called as rail transport. It occupies an important place inland transport system of our country and is the most dependable mode of transport to carry goods and passengers over a long distances.
3. Air Transport:
Air transport carries goods and passengers through airways by using different aircraft like passenger aircraft, cargo aircraft, helicopters, etc. This is the fastest mode of transport but it does not provide door to door service. Air transport is also a suitable mode in case of an emergency like war, medical, natural calamities, rescue operations, etc. Air transport is classified as domestic transport and international transport.
4) Water Transport:
Water transport refers to the movement of goods and passengers on waterways by using various means like boats, steamers, launches, ships, etc. With the help of these means, goods and passengers are carried to different places, both within as well as outside the country. When the goods and passengers move inside the country, it is known as inland water transport. When the different means of transport are used to carry goods and passengers on the ocean or sea route, it is known as ocean or sea transport.
State four life insurance policies?
Solution:
Types of life insurance policies:
1) Whole Life Policy:
Under this policy, the whole life of a person is insured. The insured cannot receive money from the insurance company until he is alive. The rate of premium is normally low. The money becomes payable on the death of the insured person to the nominee or the legal heir of the deceased policyholder.
2) Endowment Insurance Policy:
Insurance is taken for a specific period under this policy. The sum assured along with bonus is given on the death of the insured to dependents or on the expiry of the specific period, to the insured.
3) Term Insurance Policy:
The term insurance policy is taken for a specific period. Term insurance policy has the lowest premium among all insurance policies. Premium is fixed and does not change during the term of the policy. In case of untimely death, the dependents will receive the benefit amount specified in the term life insurance agreement.
4) Annuity Policy:
The insured has to pay the premium in a lump sum or in installments over a certain period of time. The insured will receive back a specific sum periodically from a specified date onwards, either for life or for a fixed number of years. It is like a pension payment scheme.
State any four features of business services?
Features of services:
Solution:
1) Intangibility:
Service is not a physical product that can be touched or seen. A service can be experienced by the buyer or the receiver. Services lack material form, and therefore they are intangible.
2) Inseparability:
The unique characteristic of services is that the service and the service provider cannot be separated.
The presence of service providers is there at the time of delivering services to customers. In the case of service production and consumption take place at the same time.
3) Inconsistency:
Services are heterogeneous. There can be no perfect standardization of services. Even if the service provider remains the same, the quality of the service may differ from time to time. For example, the same restaurant can give a different experience to two different customers.
4) Perishability:
The production and consumption of services are inseparable because the storage of services is not possible. Being an intangible transaction there can never be an inventory of services. Unlike goods, they cannot be stored for future sale.
State money remittance services of the postal department?
Solution:
Money Remittance Services:
a. Electronic Money Transfer (eMO):
A money order is an order issued by the Post Office for the payment of a sum of money to the person whose name is mentioned in the money order. It is sent through the agency of the Post.
Office. A 'Payee' is the person named in the money order as the person to whom the money is to be paid. The advantage of sending money to someone through a money order is that the money is delivered at the house or his place of stay.
b. Instant Money Order (IMO):
India Post presents Instant Money Order (IMO), the instant on-line money transfer service that is instant, convenient, reliable, and affordable. IMO is an instant web-based money transfer service through Post Offices (IMO Centre) in India between two resident individuals in Indian territory. One can transfer money from INR 1,000/- to INR 50,000/from designated IMO Post
Offices. It is simple to send and receive money.
c. International Money Transfer:
Money Transfer Service Scheme is a quick and easy way of transferring personal remittances from abroad to beneficiaries in India. Only inward personal remittances are permissible. Department of Posts, Government of India with the Western Union Financial Services, a state of the art International Money transfer Service is now available through the Post Offices in India, which enables instantaneous remittance of money from around 195 countries and territories to
India.
Justify the following statement.
Air transport is the fastest mode of transport?
Solution:
(1) The mode of transport which is operated above the surface of the earth i.e. in the sky through airways is called air transport. For carrying passengers and goods, air transport uses different aircrafts such as passengers aircrafts, cargo aircraft, helicopters, etc.
(2) Among the means of transport available at present, air transport is the fastest and the quickest means of transport. It uses natural ways and no separate construction of routes is required. It is also due to use of modern and advanced technology and highly qualified and professional technician. Thick forests, high mountains, vast deserts and oceans cannot obstruct its speed and air routes.
(3) Air transport adopt shortest route to reach destination. It has faster speed without any disturbance of observing signal system speed. Air transport is useful to provide valuable services in hilly and mountainous areas, in situations like war and areas affected by natural calamities such as floods, cyclones, earthquakes, etc.
Communication is essential for the growth of the business
Solution:
(1) Exchange of ideas, facts, information etc. from one person to another is called communication. It is a process of transfer of information from one place to another or from one person to another with the help of some medium. Means of communication comprise magazines, newspapers, post and telegraphs, radio and television, telephone, internet, e-mail, etc. Communication is essential for growth of business, which include industry, commerce, trade, etc.
(2) The difficulty of distance is effectively solved by various means of communication. Communication helps to transmit business information more quickly among the businessmen. Effective communication facilitates carrying required raw materials and other requirements from the place of their origin or market to the place of their production to facilitate large scale production. The communication also helps to carry finished products from the place of production to the places of consumption as well as market.
(3) Communication helps to make goods and services available wherever they are demanded. It helps to widen the market. Effective communications facilitates the development and growth of domestic and international market and bring prosperity to the country.
(4) Effective communication facilitates the reduction in the cost of production and distribution of goods at low prices which increase their demand and widen market. Increase in demand in turn leads to large scale production and supply. Thus, communication is essential for growth of business.
Principle of subrogation is applicable to all contracts of indemnity.
Solution:
(1) The principle of subrogation is a colliery to the principle of indemnity. According to the principle of subrogation, after the insured is fully compensated for the total loss of the property or goods insured by him, all the rights in such property or goods pass on to the insurer.
(2) Insured person cannot claim any right in the property saved from the damage or loss, once he is fully compensated by the insurer. This is necessary because, if part of the goods or property saved from the fire, accident, damage, floods or cyclone, etc. could fetch any price, the same cannot be retained by the policyholder or insured. In that case he would realise more than the actual loss, which is against the principle of indemnity.
(3) As like the principle of indemnity, the principle of subrogation is applicable to all insurance policies except life insurance policies. In life insurance contracts, the question of indemnity and subrogation does not arise. The insurer cannot indemnify the insured because the loss due to death cannot be determined exactly in terms of money.
(4) In all insurance contracts, except life insurance contract, principle of indemnity and principle of subrogation is applicable. On indemnifying the insured, the insurer can sell the remains of the property damaged and reduce his loss. However, this principle is applicable only if the damaged property has any value after the happening of the event.
Warehousing is important.
Solution:
(1) The term 'warehousing is generally used to denote all those activities which are concerned with the storage of goods in a godown or warehouse. In modern days, these is a time gap between production of goods and their distribution. Warehousing is essential to hold the stock of goods till they have suitable demand.
(2) Agricultural goods such as rice, wheat, sugar, spices, etc. are produced seasonally but consumed throughout the year. It is necessary to store them in large quantity. Some goods may be required to be stored for conditioning, canning or processing, e.g, oil seeds, first, fruits, etc. Some perishable goods such as eggs, meat, butter, fruits, vegetables, medicines, etc. are preserved in cold storage so that their quality remains as it is.
(3) Warehousing plays an important role in price stabilisation. It helps to protect the goods from theft, deterioration, i.e. future risks. Warehouses nowadays provide facilities like packing, processing, grading, etc. Warehousing is necessary to facilitate dispersion of goods from production centre to different markets.
Cash can be withdrawn from ATM at any time.
Solution:
(1) ATM is the abbreviation of Automated Teller Machine. It is popularly known as All Time Money or Any Time Money. ATM is an electronic cash dispensing machine. It is free standing self service terminal. There is no specific time limit for withdrawals of cash from ATM.
(2) ATM is one of important facilities provided by the bank to its savings account holder. To avail of this facility, bank installs ATM terminals at the places of public utility such as railway stations, shopping malls, airports, post offices, busy streets, etc.
(3) For withdrawal of cash from ATM, every accountholder is given specific code number. By operating this system, the account holder can withdraw the cash up to a specific limit or the quantum of amount available in the account whichever is less. ATM also provides other information like cash deposits, withdrawals, balance in the account, etc.
(4) Under this system, the account holder has cent per cent liquidity of banking funds. ATM avails twenty four hours of service. Hence, the accountholder can withdraw cash any time, i.e. even after banking hours, on holidays, Sundays or in the case of emergency by operating ATM. This facility is available in different parts of the country as well as outside the country.
Attempt the following.
Explain the money remittance services of the post department?
Solution:
Money Remittance Services:
a. Electronic Money Transfer (eMO):
A money order is an order issued by the Post Office for the payment of a sum of money to the person whose name is mentioned in the money order. It is sent through the agency of the Post.
Office. A 'Payee' is the person named in the money order as the person to whom the money is to be paid. The advantage of sending money to someone through a money order is that the money is delivered at the house or his place of stay.
b. Instant Money Order (IMO):
India Post presents Instant Money Order (IMO), the instant on-line money transfer service that is instant, convenient, reliable, and affordable. IMO is an instant web-based money transfer service through Post Offices (IMO Centre) in India between two resident individuals in Indian territory. One can transfer money from INR 1,000/- to INR 50,000/from designated IMO Post
Offices. It is simple to send and receive money.
c. International Money Transfer:
Money Transfer Service Scheme is a quick and easy way of transferring personal remittances from abroad to beneficiaries in India. Only inward personal remittances are permissible. Department of Posts, Government of India with the Western Union Financial Services, a state of the art International Money transfer Service is now available through the Post Offices in India, which enables instantaneous remittance of money from around 195 countries and territories to India.
Explain marine insurance policies?
Solution:
It gives protection against the losses caused due to the dangers of the sea. It is a form of an insurance contract covering loss or damage to vessels or to cargo or passengers during marine transportation.
Types of marine insurance Policies:
1) Voyage Policy:
It is a policy in which the subject matter is insured for a specific voyage irrespective of time involved in it. In this case, risk begins only when the ship starts on a voyage.
2) Time Policy:
In this policy, the subject matter is insured for a definite period of time. A time policy cannot be for a period exceeding one year, but it may contain a continuation clause. The continuation clause means that if the voyage is not completed within the specified time, the risk shall be covered until the voyage is completed.
3) Mixed Policy:
This policy is the combination of voyage and time policy. It therefore covers the risk of both, particular voyage and for a specified period of time.
4) Valued Policy:
Under this policy, goods are insured for an agreed value between the insurer and insured at the time of taking policy. This facilitates easy settlements of claims in case of such items where it is difficult to assess the real market value.
5) Blanket Policy:
This policy is taken for the maximum limit of the required amount of protection and full amount of premium is paid in the beginning of the policy. This policy describes the nature of goods insured, specific route, ports and places of voyage. It covers multiple risks on one property or it covers many properties under the policy.
6) Port Risk Policy:
Port risk policy covers all types of risks of a vessel while it is anchored at the port for a particular period of time. This policy is applicable till the departure of the vessel from the port.
7) Composite Policy:
This type of policy is purchased from more than one insurers. The liability of each insurer is separate and distinct. This policy is taken when the amount of insurance is very high.
8) Single Vessel Policy:
This policy is suitable for small ship owner having only one ship or having one ship in different fleets. It covers the risk of one vessel of the insured.
9) Fleet Policy and Block Policy:
In fleet policy, several ships belonging to one owner are insured under the same policy. In block Policy, the cargo owner is protected against damage or loss of cargo in all modes of transport through which his/her cargo is carried i.e. covering all the risks of rail, road, and sea transport etc.
Explain types of warehouses?
Solution:
1) Private Warehouses:
The private warehouses are owned and operated by big manufacturers and merchants to fulfill their own storage needs. Big business firms that need large storage capacity on a regular basis and who can afford the money, construct and maintain their private warehouses.
2) Public Warehouses:
A public warehouse is a specialized business establishment that provides storage facilities to the general public for a certain charge. It may be owned and operated by an individual or a cooperative society. It works under a license from the government in accordance with the prescribed rules and regulations. Public warehouses provide storage facilities to small manufacturers and traders at a low cost. These warehouses are well constructed and guarded round the clock to ensure safe custody of goods. Public warehouses are generally located near the junctions of railways, highways, and waterways.
3) Bonded Warehouses:
Bonded warehouses are licensed by the government to accept imported goods for storage until the payment of customs duty. These warehouses work under the control of customs authorities.
The warehouse keeper is required to give an undertaking or 'Bond' that it will not allow the goods to be removed without the consent of the customs authorities. The goods are held in bond and cannot be withdrawn without paying the customs duty.
4) Duty paid Warehouses:
If an importer faces any problem in the transportation of goods, after making payment of duty, then goods can be stored at a duty-paid warehouse. All duty paid warehouses are public warehouses that are available to all importers. Duty paid warehouses help the importer as proper care of goods is taken, processing of goods can be done like sorting, re-packing, etc.
5) Government Warehouses:
These warehouses are owned, managed, and controlled by central and state governments or public authorities. It is difficult for small farmers, businessmen, traders to own a warehouse, so these government warehouses assist them in storing their goods at a nominal charge.
6) Co-operative Warehouses:
These warehouses are owned, managed, and controlled by co-operative societies. They mainly provide warehousing facilities at the most economical rates. These types of warehouses are very useful for farmers and traders and the general public.
7) Cold storage Warehouses:
Cold storage warehouses provide facilities for perishable commodities like fruits, flowers, vegetables, dairy products, etc. In cold storage warehouses, goods are stored and refrigerated at very low temperatures so as to preserve them and use them in the future. International trade has become possible due to these warehouses.
Explain the utility function of banks?
Solution:
Utility Functions:
A commercial bank performs utility functions for the benefits of its clients. It provides certain facilities or products to its clients as follow:
1) Issue of Drafts and Cheques:
A draft /cheque is an order to pay money from one branch of bank to another branch of the same bank or another bank. A bank issue drafts to its account holders as well as non-account holders whereas cheques are issued only to the account holders. Bank charges commission for issuing a bank draft.
2) Locker Facility:
This is a common utility function of any commercial bank. The bank provides locker facilities for the safe custody of valuables, documents, gold ornaments, etc.
3) Project Reports:
A bank may prepare project reports and feasibility studies on behalf of the clients. Project reports enable the business firm to obtain funds from the market and to obtain clearance from government authorities.
4) Gift Cheques:
Banks issue gift cheques and gold coins to account holders as well as to non-account holders.
The gift cheques/ coins can be used by the clients for the purpose of gifting on occasions like weddings, birthdays, etc.
5) Underwriting Services:
A commercial bank may underwrite the issue of securities issued by companies. If the shares are not fully subscribed, the underwriting bank agrees to take up the unsubscribed portion of the securities.
6) Gold related Services:
Nowadays many banks are providing gold services to their customers. Banks are commercially buying and selling gold or gold ornaments from customers on a large scale basis. Some bank also provides advisory services to its customers in terms of gold funds, gold ETF, etc.
Explain the modes of traditional communication?
Solution:
The modes of traditional communications are as follows.
I) Postal Services:
The postal services in India come under the Department of Post and Telegraph which is part of the Ministry of Communication and Information and Technology.
Types of postal services:
1. Mail Services:
Mail services are further classified as follows:
a. Inland Letter:
Inland letter card is used for transmission within India only. Inland letter ensures the confidentiality of the message.
b. Envelope:
It enables sending confidential messages as well as enclosures like cheques, photos, resumes, etc.
c. Parcel:
Parcels of a specified size and weight can be sent across the country as well as outside the country. Anything can be sent in a parcel except those items which are prohibited. Parcels can be insured.
d. Book-Post:
Printed books, magazines, journals, etc. can be sent through a book post.
2. Specialized Postal Services:
Specialized Postal Services are further classified as follows:
a. Business Post:
Business Post provides complete mailing solutions right from mail preparation to mail delivery.
b. Logistics Post:
Logistics Post provides business customers a cost-effective and efficient solution, which manages the entire value chain from collection to storage to transmission to distribution across the country.
c. Bill Mail Service:
Communications in the nature of financial statements, bills, monthly account bills, or any such other items of similar nature may be posted by a service provider to customers at least once in 90 days under this service.
3. Money Remittance Services:
Money Remittance Service is further classified as follows:
a. Electronic Money Transfer (eMO):
A money order is an order issued by the Post Office for the payment of a sum of money to the person whose name is mentioned in the money order. It is sent through the agency of the Post Office.
b. Instant Money Order (IMO):
IMO is an instant web-based money transfer service through Post Offices (IMO Centre) in India between two resident individuals in Indian territory.
c. International Money Transfer:
Money Transfer Service Scheme is a quick and easy way of transferring personal remittances from abroad to beneficiaries in India.
4. Retail Services:
Retail Services are further classified as follows:
a. Retail Post:
Under Retail Post, a range of services is offered including the collection of electricity bills, collection of taxes, collection of other bills and fees for the Government, etc.
b. e-Post:
Through ePOST, customers can send their messages to any address in India with a combination of electronic transmission and physical delivery through a network of more than 1,55,000 Post Offices.
Explain the disadvantages of air transport?
Solution:
Disadvantages:
1) It does not provide door to door service.
2) It gets heavily affected by adverse weather conditions.
3) It is comparatively slow-moving transport.
4) More investment cost is involved in terms of ports, ships, maintenance, etc.
5) It is subject to the perils of the sea.
Describe the role of transport?
Solution:
Meaning:
Transportation is the movement of people, animals, and goods from one location to another location or it can be defined as a means of carrying goods and people from one place to another place.
Modes of transport:
Generally, transportation is carried through various modes such as railways, roads, waterways, and the airway. Modes of transport are as follows:
1) Road Transport:
Roads are means that connect people and places on the surface of the land. It provides all-over connectivity in any terrain as compared to other modes of transport.
Various means of transport are used under road transport such as bullock carts, cycles, rickshaws, buses, cars, etc.
2) Rail Transport:
Transportation of goods and passengers on rail lines through trains is called as rail transport. It occupies an important place inland transport system of our country and is the most dependable mode of transport to carry goods and passengers over long distances.
3. Air Transport:
Air transport carries goods and passengers through airways by using different aircraft like passenger aircraft, cargo aircraft, helicopters, etc. This is the fastest mode of transport but it does not provide door to door service. Air transport is also a suitable mode in case of an emergency like war, medical, natural calamities, rescue operations, etc. Air transport is classified as domestic transport and international transport.
4) Water Transport:
Water transport refers to the movement of goods and passengers on waterways by using various means like boats, steamers, launches, ships, etc. With the help of these means, goods and passengers are carried to different places, both within as well as outside the country. When the goods and passengers move inside the country, it is known as inland water transport. When the different means of transport are used to carry goods and passengers on the ocean or sea route, it is known as ocean or sea transport.
5) Monorail and Metro:
These are the types of rapid transit systems found in urban areas. These types of transport are energy efficient and less polluting too. A monorail is a railway in which the track consists of a single rail or a beam. The term is also used to describe the beam of the system, or the trains traveling on such a beam or track.
6) Ropeway:
Ropeway refers to a mode of transport that connects two places on the hills or across a valley or river. In ropeway transport, trolleys move on wheels connected to a rope and are used for carrying passengers or goods.
7) Pipeline Transport:
Pipeline transport sends goods through a pipe, most commonly liquid and gases. Short-distance systems exist for sewage, slurry, or water while long-distance networks are used for petroleum and natural gas.
What are the functions of warehouses?
Solution:
A warehouse is defined as "an establishment for the storage or accumulation of goods."
Warehousing refers to the storage of goods and consists of all those activities which are connected with the storage and preservation of goods. It is a means of storing goods.
Functions of Warehouses:
1) Storage:
This is the basic function of warehousing. Surplus commodities that are not needed immediately can be stored in warehouses. They can be supplied as and when needed by the customers.
2) Price Stabilization:
Warehouses play an important role in the process of price stabilization. It is achieved by the creation of time utility by warehousing. In warehouses, a usually large stock of goods is kept.
3) Risk bearing:
When the goods are stored in warehouses they are exposed to many risks in the form of theft, deterioration, fire, etc. Warehouses are constructed in such a way that they minimize these risks.
4) Financing:
Loans can be raised from the warehouse keeper or from financial institutions against the goods stored by the owner. Goods act as security for the warehouse keeper or for financial institutions. In this manner, warehousing acts as a source of finance for the businessmen for meeting business operations.
5) Grading and Packing:
Warehouses nowadays provide the facilities of packing, processing, and grading of goods. Goods can be packed in convenient sizes as per the instructions of the owner.
6) Transportation:
Warehouses can provide transportation facility to bulk depositors. It collects goods from the place of production and also sends goods to the place of delivery at the request of the owner.
7) Time and Place Utility:
Warehouses create time utility by preserving the goods until they are demanded. It also creates place utility by providing the goods at the place, where they are required.
8) Processing:
Certain commodities are not consumed in the form they are produced. Processing is required to make them consumable. e.g. Paddy is polished, fruits are ripened, etc. Sometimes warehouses undertake such activities on behalf of the owners.
Answer the following.
What is insurance? Explain the principles of insurance?
Solution:
Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss. It is a form of risk management, primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent or uncertain loss. Insurance is a contract between the insurer and the insured, whereby the insurer agrees to compensate the insured against loss. The insured has to pay a certain fixed sum of money on a timely basis to the insurer.
Principles of Insurance:
1. Principle of Utmost good faith:
In all types of insurance contracts, both parties must have the utmost good faith towards each other. The insurer and insured must disclose all material facts clearly, completely, and correctly. Failure to provide complete, correct, and clear information may lead to a non-settlement of the claim.
2. Principle of Insurable interest:
Insurable interest means some financial interest in the subject matter. The insured must have an insurable interest in the subject matter of insurance. Insurable interest is applicable to all insurance contracts.
3. Principle of Indemnity:
Indemnity means a guarantee or assurance to put the insured in the same financial position in which he was immediately prior to the happening of the uncertain event. Under this principle, the insurer agrees to compensate the insured for the actual loss suffered. The amount of actual compensation is limited to the amount assured or the loss, whichever is less. This principle is applicable to fire, marine, and general insurance. It is not applicable to life insurance as loss of life can never be measured in monetary terms.
4. Principle of Subrogation:
This principle is applicable to all contracts of indemnity. As per this principle, after the insured is compensated for the loss due to damage of the property insured, then the right of ownership of such property passes on to the insurer. This principle is applicable only when the damaged property has any value after the event causing the damage.
5. Principle of Contribution:
This principle is applicable to all contracts of indemnity where the insured has taken out more than one policy for the same risk or subject matter. Under this principle, the insured can claim the compensation only to the extent of actual loss either from one insurer or all the insurers.
6. Principle of Mitigation of loss:
Insured must always try to minimize the loss of the property, in case of uncertain events. The insured must take all possible measures and necessary steps to control and reduce losses.
Hence, it is the responsibility of the insured to protect the property and avoid loss.
7. Principle of Causa-Proxima:
The principle of causa Proxima means, when a loss is caused by more than one cause, then the proximate cause of a loss should be taken into consideration to decide the liability of the insurer. The property is insured against some causes and not against all causes, in such a case, the proximate cause of loss is to be found. If the proximate cause is the one which is insured against, the insurance company is bound to pay compensation and vice versa.
Define bank. Explain Different types of banks?
Solution:
A bank is a financial institution which deals with deposits and advances and other related services. Bank provides various services related to money or financial requirements of consumers.
1) Central Bank :
The central bank is the apex financial institution in the banking industry in the country. Every country has its own central bank. In India, The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank. The RBI was established in 1945 under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1944. Some functions of RBI are as follows:
i) Frames monetary policy
ii) Issues currency notes
iii) Acts as a banker to the Government
iv) Acts as a banker's bank to commercial and other banks in India.
2) Commercial Bank:
Commercial banks play an important role in the economic and social development of a country.
Commercial banks perform important functions such as:
Primary Functions i.e. accepting of deposits and lending of money and Secondary Functions i.e. agency functions and utility functions. In India, commercial banks are divided into three groups:
a) Public sector banks where the majority of the capital is held by the government such as Bank of India, State Bank of India etc.
b) Private sector banks are owned by a group of individuals such as AXIS bank, HDFC bank, etc.
c) Foreign banks are those banks that are established outside India but these banks have branches in India such as Citi Bank, HSBC, Standard Chartered, etc.
3) Co-operative Bank:
In India, co-operative banks are registered under Indian Co-operatives Societies Act and regulated under the Banking Regulation Act. Co-operative banks are popular in semi-urban and rural areas. The main aim of the co-operative banks is to provide credit to economically backward people, farmers, and small scale units. Generally, the co-operative bank works at three different levels:
a) Primary Credit Societies:
Primary Credit Co-operative society's work at the village level. They collect deposits from members and the common public.
b) District Central Co-operative Bank:
These banks operate at the district level. They obtain deposits from the public at the district level and also get funds from the State Co-operative Bank for the purpose of lending.
c) State Co-operative Bank:
This bank operates at the state level. They provide funds to the central co-operative banks and primary credit societies as required.
4) Industrial Development Banks:
These are financial institutions that provide medium and long term funds to the business firms Examples of development bank are Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI), State Finance Corporation (SFC), Maharashtra State Finance Corporation (MSFC), etc. Some functions of the development bank are as follows:
i) Provision of medium and long term funds to business units for the purpose of expansion and modernization.
ii) Underwriting of shares issued by public limited companies.
iii) Purchase of debentures and bonds.
5) Exchange Banks:
The exchange banks as well as large commercial banks facilitate foreign exchange transactions. Examples of exchange banks are Barclays Bank, Bank of Tokyo, etc. Some functions of the exchange bank are as follows:
i) Financing foreign trade transactions.
ii) Issue of letter of credit (LC)
iii) Discounting of bills of exchange.
iv) Remittances of dividends, interests, and profits, etc.
6) Regional Rural Bank:
Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were established in 1975. These banks are sponsored by large public sector banks. The capital of RRB is contributed by Central Government 50%, State
Government 15% and Sponsored Banks 35%. RRBs mobilize deposits primarily from rural and semi-urban areas and provide loans and advances mostly to small and marginal farmers, agricultural laborers, and rural artisans.
7) Savings Bank:
The main objective of the savings banks is to encourage savings of the people, especially in rural areas. Examples of such banks include postal saving banks, commercial banks, and cooperatives banks.
8) Investment Bank:
These banks provide financial and advisory assistance to their customers. Their clients generally include business firms and government organizations. Investment banks facilitate mergers and acquisitions by undertaking research and providing advice on investment decisions. Generally, investment banks do not directly deal with the general public.
9) Specialized Banks:
These banks cater to the requirements and provide overall support for setting up a business in specific areas.
i) Export and Import Bank (EXIM): This bank provides financial assistance to exporters and importers.
ii) Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI): This bank provides financing and development of the micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) sector.
iii) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD): It is an apex institution for financing agricultural and rural sectors. NABARD provides both short term and long term credit through regional rural banks.
What is a warehouse? Explain its different functions.
Solution:
A warehouse is defined as "an establishment for the storage or accumulation of goods."
Warehousing refers to the storage of goods and consists of all those activities which are connected with the storage and preservation of goods. It is a means of storing goods.
Functions of Warehouses:
1) Storage:
This is the basic function of warehousing. Surplus commodities that are not needed immediately can be stored in warehouses. They can be supplied as and when needed by the customers.
2) Price Stabilization:
Warehouses play an important role in the process of price stabilization. It is achieved by the creation of time utility by warehousing. In warehouses, usually large stock of goods is kept.
3) Risk bearing:
When the goods are stored in warehouses they are exposed to many risks in the form of theft, deterioration, fire, etc. Warehouses are constructed in such a way that they minimize these risks.
4) Financing:
Loans can be raised from the warehouse keeper or from financial institutions against the goods stored by the owner. Goods act as security for the warehouse keeper or for financial institutions. In this manner, warehousing acts as a source of finance for the businessmen for meeting business operations.
5) Grading and Packing:
Warehouses nowadays provide the facilities of packing, processing, and grading of goods. Goods can be packed in convenient sizes as per the instructions of the owner.
6) Transportation:
Warehouses can provide transportation facility to bulk depositors. It collects goods from the place of production and also sends goods to the place of delivery at the request of the owner.
7) Time and Place Utility:
Warehouses create time utility by preserving the goods until they are demanded. It also creates place utility by providing the goods at the place, where they are required.
8) Processing:
Certain commodities are not consumed in the form they are produced. Processing is required to make them consumable. e.g. Paddy is polished, fruits are ripened, etc. Sometimes warehouses undertake such activities on behalf of the owners.
What is Services? Explain in detail different business services.
Solution:
Services are intangible in nature; they are neither manufactured, transported nor stocked. Services cannot be stored for future use hence they are produced and consumed simultaneously. They are intangible in nature, heterogeneous, inseparable, inconsistent, perishable in nature, and require consumer participation.
Types of Business Services:
There are various types of services depending upon their nature and purpose. Some of the important services are as follows.
1. Banking:
A bank is a financial institution which deals with deposits and advances and other related
services. Bank provides various services related to money or financial requirements of consumers.
2. Insurance:
Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss. It is a form of risk management, primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent or uncertain loss. Insurance is a contract between the insurer and the insured, whereby the insurer agrees to compensate the insured against loss. The insured has to pay a certain fixed sum of money on a *timely basis to the insurer.
3. Transportation:
Transportation is the movement of people, animals, and goods from one location to another location or it can be defined as a means of carrying goods and people from one place to another place. Generally, transportation is carried through various modes such as railways, roads, waterways, and the airway.
4. Warehousing:
Warehousing refers to the storage of goods and consists of all those activities which are connected with the storage and preservation of goods. It is a means of storing goods. Warehousing can be defined as a group of activities connected with the storing and preserving of stored goods from the time of production until the time of consumption.
5. Communication:
The process of passing any information from one person to another with the help of some medium is termed as communication. Communication is a very simple process where the message is being transferred from a sender to the receiver. The receiver after receiving the message understands it in the desired form and then acts accordingly.
What is communication? Explain in detail various types of communication.
Solution:
The process of passing any information from one person to another with the help of some medium is termed as communication. Communication is a very simple process where a message is being transferred from a sender to the receiver. The receiver after receiving the message understands it in the desired form and then acts accordingly.
The types of communication
Following are various types of communication:
I) Postal Services
II) Modem means of communication
I) Postal Services:
The postal services in India come under the Department of Post and Telegraph which is part of the Ministry of Communication and Information and Technology.
Types of postal services:
1. Mail Services:
Mail services are further classified as follows:
a. Inland Letter:
Inland letter card is used for transmission within India only. Inland letter ensures the confidentiality of the message.
b. Envelope:
It enables sending confidential messages as well as enclosures like cheques, photos, resumes, etc.
c. Parcel:
Parcels of a specified size and weight can be sent across the country as well as outside the country. Anything can be sent in a parcel except those items which are prohibited. Parcels can be insured.
d. Book-Post:
Printed books, magazines, journals, etc. can be sent through book posts.
2. Specialized Postal Services:
Specialized Postal Services are further classified as follows:
a. Business Post:
Business Post provides complete mailing solutions right from mail preparation to mail delivery.
b. Logistics Post:
Logistics Post provides business customers a cost-effective and efficient solution, which manages the entire value chain from collection to storage to transmission to distribution across the country.
c. Bill Mail Service:
Communications in the nature of financial statements, bills, monthly account bills, or any such other items of similar nature may be posted by a service provider to customers at least once in 90 days under this service.
3. Money Remittance Services:
Money Remittance Service is further classified as follows:
a. Electronic Money Transfer (eMO):
A money order is an order issued by the Post Office for the payment of a sum of money to the person whose name is mentioned in the money order. It is sent through the agency of the PostOffice.
b. Instant Money Order (IMO):
IMO is an instant web-based money transfer service through Post Offices (IMO Centre) in India between two resident individuals in Indian territory.
c. International Money Transfer:
Money Transfer Service Scheme is a quick and easy way of transferring personal remittances from abroad to beneficiaries in India.
4. Retail Services:
Retail Services are further classified as follows:
a. Retail Post:
Under Retail Post, a range of services is offered including the collection of electricity bills, collection of taxes, collection of other bills and fees for the Government, etc.
b. e-Post:
Through ePOST, customers can send their messages to any address in India with a combination of electronic transmission and physical delivery through a network of more than 1,55,000 Post Offices.
II) Modern means of communication:
a. Courier Service:
An individual or a company responsible for the exchange of items between two or more parties is known as courier service. Courier services are usually employed by· a company and they charge a flat rate to the party using the courier service. Courier s·ervices are different from ordinary mail services by features such as speed, security, tracking, signature, and swift delivery times.
b. Internet:
It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail and file sharing.
c. Email:
Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging mail between people using electronic devices. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model.
What is road transport? Explain the advantages and disadvantages?
Solution:
Roads are means that connect people and places on the surface of the land. It provides all-over connectivity in any terrain as compared to other modes of transport. India has a network of village roads, district roads, state highways, and national highways which form the economic backbone of the country. In India, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) looks after the development of surface transport throughout the country.
Advantages:
1) It is a cheap mode of transport compared to other modes of transport.
2) Perishable goods can be transported at a faster speed by road carriers over a short distance.
3) It is a flexible mode of transport as loading and unloading are possible at any destination.
4) It provides door to door service. Also, it functions as a feeder transport to other modes of transport.
5) It helps people to travel and carry goods from one place to another place where any other mode of transport is not available.
Disadvantages:
1) Due to limited carrying, capacity road transport is not economical for long-distance transportation.
2) Transportation of heavy and bulky goods through road transport involves high costs.
3) Road transport is affected by adverse weather conditions such as floods, rain, landslides, etc.
4) There is a possibility of road accidents which are common.
5) It causes pollution due to the emission of gases which affect the health of people.
