2.1 Song of the Open Road
Title:
The title of the poem is very significant as Whitman has used the word ‘Song’ with a definite purpose that he enjoys to travel on the open road without any tension and worries of past, present and future and face life without any complaint against his life. The poet wishes to move ahead on the road of life with his own will and goodness. The Song of the open road also indicates Freedom.
Ice Breakers-
A) Choose the mode of travel that you would like the most for a journey.
(a)Airways
(b)Waterways
(c)Railways
(d)Roadways
Answer:- I like the Roadways most.
B) Give reasons for your preference.
Answer:-
The roadways are easily available to all. So I also use it most. I can travel through remote areas by roadways. There are various kinds of vehicles available for road journeys. I can use my own vehicle also. This journey gives me a chance to see the natural beauty, green landscapes, villages, rivers, mountains and big cities.
C) Write the preparations you would like to make for the journey chosen.
Answer:
(a) I would make a perfect plan for the journey.
(b) I would collect information of the places before visiting it from different sources. I would use a physical map or Google map to know the distance and exact location of the place.
(c) I would carry the required things and medicines during the journey. I would make booking of tickets, lodging and hotels. I would carry essential documents if I have to use my own vehicle.
(d) I would carry light weight bags. I would place money in a safe place. I would carry mobile charges and power banks to get the mobile facility uninterrupted. I would also keep in touch with my family members who are at home.
D) Discuss the ways in which you would overcome the problems/ hindrances/ difficulties you face during your journey.
Answer:
(a) If I face any problem during my journey, I would take the help of the persons near me. If it is not possible, I would go to the place where I get the required help.
(b) I would take help of the local police or inform my friends or family members to send required help to resolve the problem.
(c) I would keep patience and try to overcome the problems. I would try to sort out the problems smoothly.
(d) I would remain calm and pay attention to my safety to continue the journey.
E) During every journey we have to observe certain rules. Discuss your ideas of the journey without any restrictions.
Answer:
(a) I would go alone and search out the possible ways to continue the journey.
(b) I would go with my friends if there is a need for team efforts.
(c) We would follow all the rules and regulations of road safety.
(d) We would show the required documents to show our identity proof. We should not consume harmful drinks like alcohol during our journeys.
New words and their meaning
1. Afoot- going on foot, walking, in motion
2. brown path- bare land
3. postpone- to stop for a few days
4. suffice- enough, adequate, sufficient
5. delicious burdens(here)- sweet memories of the past
6. whimper - low voice of cry or agony, unhappiness, sadness
7. querulous - argumentative, complaining
8. constellations - Here it means group, collection, gathering of people
9. light-hearted – cheerful, care-free
10.take to – begin
Introduction-
Song of the open road is a poem by Walt Whitman. It is taken from the collection "Leaves of Grass". It was written in 1856. Walt Whitman strongly advocated the importance of democracy & Freedom. The poem ‘Song of the Open Road’ is written in the free verse and is in the form of a monologue by the poet. The poet intends to express his open thoughts over the journey of life taken on different roads.
The unrhymed and varying length of lines shows the complexities and the ups and downs one faces in his /her life. It also indicates the poet’s inner desire to enjoy life to its fullest without bothering about the tensions and worries.
It is an inspirational poem written in the form of narration. This poem is an Ode to one’s self.
Poet: Walt Whitman
Walt Whitman was an American poet, essayist and journalist. He is often called the father of free verse. He was born on Long Island in 1819 and grew up in the New York area. He had very little formal schooling, but he considered himself to be a lifelong learner. Whitman died at the age of 72 after suffering a stroke in 1892. His poem 'O' Captain, My Captain' and his poetry collection 'Leaves of Grass' are his remarkable literary works.
Figures of speech:
1) The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose....... Alliteration - Sound of the letter ‘l’ is repeated.
2) Henceforth I am not good- fortune, I myself am good- fortune...... Repetition - Word ‘good –fortune’ is repeated.
3) I carry them, men and women, I carry them with me wherever I go.....
Repetition - Words 'Carry them’ are repeated.
4) Still here I carry my old delicious burdens.....
Paradox- Delicious and burden express opposite meaning.
5) Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticism..... Tautology- ‘Complaint and Querulous’ expresses the same meanings.
6) Still here........burdens
Metaphor - Old sweet memories are indirectly compared to something delicious.
7) Henceforth I....need no more –
Climax....Words are arranged in their ascending order of importance
8) Querulous Criticism
Alliteration- Sound ‘k’ is repeated.
9) Strong and content I travel the open road.
Inversion- The words are not in a correct prose order. The correct prose order is – I travel the open road strong and content.
10)I am fill’d with them, and I will fill them in return
Repetition- The word ‘fill’ is repeated.
11) A foot and light-hearted I take to the open road.
Inversion- The words are not in a correct prose order. The correct prose order is – I take to the open road afoot and light hearted.
12) Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticisms.
Climax- Ideas are arranged in ascending order.
13)Song of the road - Personification
Non-living objects on the road are shown singing.
14) Song of the Open Road
Metaphor- The road is indirectly compared with the journey of life.
15) I carry my old delicious burdens
Paradox-Burdens are described as delicious. It is absurd.
A burden cannot be delicious. The poet has used this combination of words to express that he has many sweet memories of the people and places which he would like to remember forever.
Paraphrase:
The poem begins with the poet's journey on foot on the open road. Here the road means the road of life. He expresses that he is very happy to take the journey in this healthy and free world. In addition, the poet has control over the journey as he is free to choose the brown path wherever to travel.
Next, the poet continues the thoughts in earlier lines by saying that he does not ask for good fortune and considers himself the creator of his own fortune. He adds that he will not cry or hesitate to do anything without postponing it and expects nothing. He is no longer satisfied being confined in the four walls. He is strong and happy enough to travel on the open road having unlocked himself from several complaints and arguments in his past life.
In the next lines, the poet tries to free himself from the worldly pleasures and relations. Even though he has a great faith in them and knows that they are doing well and happy with them, no more he likes to engage himself in friends and other people as he thinks that the mother earth is now enough for him to travel.
Special features-
The poem is written in very simple and effective language which is easy to understand. As it is written in a free verse, there is no rhyme scheme and meter. Length of the lines and stanzas are not equal. It has four separate stanzas. The first stanza contains only three lines, the other two stanzas contain four lines. In the last stanzas the poet uses parentheses to separate himself from the worldly needs. Phrases like 'light-hearted' and 'querulous criticisms' are interesting. Imageries such as constellations and brown colour are noteworthy. Figures of speech such as Alliteration, Metaphor, Repetition and Paradox are impressive.
Theme:
Freedom, joy of free life and optimism are the major themes of this poem. Throughout the poem, the poet encourages the readers to be true to themselves and live freely and enjoy the freedom of life. Although his life is not free from obligations and troubles, he encourages everyone to live their dreams, leaving the obstacles behind.
Moral/Opinion:
It teaches us to be optimistic and happy. We have everything including freedom and opportunities. It encourages us to enjoy life in a healthy and free world. It motivates us to fill our heart with immense pleasure
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Translation of the Poem:
चला मैं मनचला
खुशनुमा और उमंगभरी दुनिया है
मिट्टी से लिपटी राह पर
मंजिल हैं वहाँ जहाँ मैं चलुं
चला मैं मनचला
चला मैं मनचला
इक़बाल खुद करे, नसीब खुद लिखे
ना ख़लिश, ना गिला
ना कागज, ना कातिब ,ना क़िताब
ना दिवारों से आरा घर
ना होगा विलंब तो करे आरंभ
चले मिट्टी से लिपटी राह पर
बाहों में जोश, मन लिये संतोष
बैठे रहे करे निंदा मेरी
चला मैं मनचला
चला मैं मनचला
खोजू सृष्टि में छिपे अजम, अटलं और जल के रहस्योंकी जो मेरे समीप है
और न चलूं में उन ग्रहो, चांद और तारो के भ्रमण में
अंतरिक्ष की खोज है ना मेरी
वो सलामत उन्हें जो खोजना चाहते हैं, उड़ना जानते है
वो चलें मनचले
चला मैं मनचला
लिये अतित का बोझ है लजिज जो
उसमें लदे है नज़्म , जख्म, कुछ लोग,
कुछ अज़ीज़, कुछ अपने,कुछ पराये
मानो यकिन मेरा, ये सामान मैं ना छोड़
ना तोड़ सकूं, चाहुं फिर भी
हर मोड़ पर मैं उसे ना हटा पाऊं,
ना मिटा पाऊं यह न हों पाता मुझसे
बोझ अतीत का बठ़ चला है हर मोड़ पे,
और मैं हर मोड़ पर उसमें इज़ाफ़ा करता चला हूं
चला में मनचला
Poem: The Song of the Open Road'
Poet: Walt Whitman
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Chapter 2: Song of the Open Road
Choose the mode of travel that you would like the most for a journey.
Airways
Waterways
Railways
Roadways
Give reasons for your preference.
__________________
__________________
__________________
Solution:
I would like to choose railways for the following reasons.
Railways are relatively cheaper than airways and roadways.
They are the most convenient mode of transport for long-distance travel.
They are free of traffic jam hassles, unlike roadways.
Discuss with your partner, the preparations you would like to make for the journey chosen.
Solution:
I would make following preparations for the journey by railways:
I would pack my luggage in bags of suitable dimensions, so that they could be comfortably tucked in under the seats.
I would carry some savouries and water for emergency, in case the train doesn’t have a pantry car.
I would remember to carry my tickets and an identity card to show the ticket-checker.
I would carry the tourist guidebook of the place I am visiting, in case I am travelling for sight-seeing
Discuss the ways in which you would overcome the problems/ hindrances/ difficulties you face during your journey.
Solution:
To spare myself the boredom of long journey, I would keep some reading material handy, such as a novel or a magazine.
I would have to keep my luggage fastened with chains to prevent its theft.
I would need to keep my tickets safe till the completion of journey to avoid getting fined by the ticket-checker.
I would be alert and observant of my surroundings at all times.
During every journey we have to observe certain rules. Discuss your ideas of the journey without any restrictions. You can begin like this
I would go alone / with selected friends/ _______
_______
_______
_______
Solution:
I would like to go all alone, as I am highly individualistic by nature.
I would like to travel as far as I can, so as to explore new places.
I would prefer home-stays, so that I could get to know people from different cultures.
I would try to live off the land as much as possible.
I would use my mobile phone only in case of emergencies during the travel, so that I could enjoy my journey without being distracted by my phone.
Pick out the lines showing that the poet is prepared to enjoy every moment of his journey.
Solution:
Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road,
Healthy, free, the world before me,
Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune,
Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing, v. Strong and content I travel the open road.
By ‘old delicious burdens’ the poet means-
the luggage
the food he carries
the stress he bears during the travels
sweet memories of the past
The poet is a person who is free from all inhibitions. Discuss how the concept of ‘freedom’ is expressed in the poem.
Solution:
The poet has written the poem with an objective of stirring the idea of freedom on the reader’s mind. The spirit of freedom is expressed in the poem through the symbolic reference to the open road, where men come together irrespective of their social status. Freedom implies the independence to choose one’s road, both literally and figuratively. It also means enjoying nature in a free state of mind.
As the poet sets out on his journey, he is light-hearted and content because he has left his mundane life behind in order to seek adventure. His quest to live a free life is so strong that he doesn’t hesitate or postpone setting out on this journey. He has freed himself of the elite society that surrounded him, as that was not something he desired. However, he does carry the fond memories of people along the journey, because that satisfies him and makes him complete.
Following are the activities of the poet related to his journey on the road. Divide them into two parts as ‘activities the poet will practice’ and ‘activities he will not practice’.
Walking along the road though he does not know where it reaches
Complaining about the discomforts during the journey
Postponing the journey
Praying for good fortune
Carrying the fond memories of the good people
Creating contacts with famous and influential people
Striving to achieve high and bright success.
Reflecting and developing his own ‘self’
Solution:
Activities the poet will practice:
e. Carrying the fond memories of the good people
h. Reflecting and developing his own ‘self’
Activities the poet will not practise:
a. Walking along the road though he does not know where it reaches
b. Complaining about the discomforts during the journey
c. Postponing the journey
d. Praying for good fortune
f. Creating contacts with famous and influential people
g. Striving to achieve high and bright success.
Write down the traits the poet exhibit through the given line.
Henceforth, I ask for no good fortune-I myself am good fortune
Solution:
Self-confidence
Henceforth, I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing.
Solution:
Determination and Positivity
I do not want the constellations any nearer.
Solution:
Contentment
I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them
Solution:
Genuineness
I am filled with them – I will fill them in return.
Solution:
Inter-dependence
‘Healthy, free, the world before me’. Express your views regarding the above line.
Solution:
In the line ‘Healthy, free, the world before me’, the poet is trying to convey that the world that lies ahead in his journey of life is healthy and free. In my view, the line is full of hope and optimism. It gives an idea of the world being free from all shackles of routine and monotony. It depicts a picture where the world, which the poet encounters on his journey, is in better shape than the one he has left behind.
The poet has used many describing words such as ‘healthy’ in this poem.
Make a list and classify them as -
For the world _______
For himself ________
For the road _______
Solution:
a. For the world
free
healthy
b. For himself
afoot
light-hearted
strong
content
c. For the road
long
brown
open
Read the expression ‘old delicious burdens.’ A burden cannot be delicious.
The poet has used this combination of words to express that he has many sweet memories of the people and places which he would like to remember forever. The poet has used seemingly contradictory expressions to convey the meaning that his heart is full of sweet memories of good and kind people. Though he wants to be free from any type of attachment, he wants to cherish these sweet memories in his heart forever.
The expression contains opposite ideas that make it seem absurd or unlikely, although it may be true. This is called ‘Paradox.’
The road in the poem does not mean only the road to travel. The poet wants to suggest the road of life. Explain the metaphor with the help of the poem.
Solution:
The road referred to in the poem has both literal and figurative meanings. It also refers to the journey of life in its figurative sense. The poet celebrates the road as a metaphoric space of free spirit where people come together, irrespective of their social status. People who travel this road of life are a community in themselves. Like the poet, they too have broken the shackles of their daily life and have commenced their journey seeking adventure, because the road is also symbolically a call of adventure.
Free Verse: Free Verse is a poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular rhythm. The features of Free Verse are -
It is a literary device that is free from limitations of the regular meter or rhythm, does not rhyme with fixed forms, and still it provides an artistic expression. In this way, the poet can give his own shape to a poem as he desires and can use various poetic devices to create the effect he considers suitable for the piece.
As Free Verse gives greater freedom for choosing words and conveying their meanings to readers, it is free from the artificiality of a typical poetic expression. This technique is commonly used in modern poetry.
Remember -
Although Free Verse requires no meter, rhyme or other traditional poetic techniques, it is the use of internal pattern of sounds, the choice of exact words and their chosen places are the factors which attribute the Free Verse, its lyrical or rhythmic beauty.
Free Verse is completely different from ‘Blank Verse’ which essentially has to occur in iambic pentameter. Blank verse is poetry written with regular metrical but unrhymed lines. It is described as ‘the most common’ form of English poetry which has been influential since the 16th century.
There are certain words that are repeated in the poem. For example, ‘no more’ (Line 7).
Find out other similar expressions.
Explain the effect they have created in the poem.
Solution:
Such repetition is seen in lines 5 to 8 with words ‘henceforth’ and ‘good-fortune’ and in lines 13 to 20 with the personal pronoun ‘I’. Repetition, as a figure of speech, adds flourish to the poem, adds emphasis and imparts poetic appeal to it. In particular, the repetition of ‘I’ enhances the narrative appeal of the poem.
The use of the personal pronoun ‘I’ is evident and prominent in this poem. Give reasons.
Solution:
The poet uses the personal pronoun ‘I’ to emphasize his own independence in travelling the open road and also his freedom in choosing the road that he wishes to take. Moreover, he asserts through the abundant use of ‘I’ that he wants to live life on his own terms and always be in command of his circumstances.
With the help of the following points, write a poetic appreciation of the poem ‘Song of the Open Road.
About the poem/poet and the title
The theme
Poetic style
The language/poetic devices used in the poem
Special features
Message, values, morals in the poem
Your opinion about the poem
Solution:
Appreciation of the poem ‘Song of the Open Road’
‘Song of the Open Road’ is a classic travel poem written by Walt Whitman. This narrative poem centers on the quest for freedom and shunning a life of monotony to take to the open road to course through life. The poet views the road as a space that offers countless opportunities as it can lead people to anywhere they desire to go. The poem is written in free verse, as the lines are unrhymed and of varying lengths. The poet makes use of simple poetic devices such as Alliteration, Antithesis, Consonance, Inversion, Metaphor, Paradox and Repetition. He employs Metaphor when he refers to road to actually mean ‘the road of life’, as also when he likens constellations to influential people. The use of these poetic devices helps to convey the message in lucid and expressive narrative and hence adds to the poetic appeal. The use of parenthesis in fourth stanza is a distinctive feature of the poem that makes the stanza more of a remark, rather than a continuation of the central topic of the poem. The use of imagery enhances the overall appeal of the poem, with words like ‘long, brown’ describing the road, the words ‘healthy, free’ describing the world and words like ‘afoot’, ‘strong’ and ‘content’ describing the poet paint a pretty picture of the poet’s wanderlust. The poem conveys the message that we should not be bound by the routines of ordinary life; instead we should step out into the open air and live life in a free-spirited manner. I like the poem for its timeless appeal. It drives me to set out and be free, while leaving my worries behind.
Write four to six lines of Free Verse on the topic ‘The road that leads to my college’. Express that it is the road to knowledge and a bright future. You may begin like this: Every day I tread with the bag of books …
Solution:
The road that leads to my college
Every day I tread with the bag of books,
Thereby I plod the long scalding path,
To be taught by someone, and to be that someone someday.
Not easy are my steps, mired as they are in toil,
But undaunted I go, for fruits of labour aren’t easy to come by.
Write a blog on the following topic:
‘Man is free by birth.’
Solution:
Man is free by birth
Have you ever seen a baby in solitude? A blissful sight it is! A world of their own, no rules, no filters! Isn’t that how each one of us is born pure and free? Growing up, social conditioning casts us into these moulds which may or not be the perfect fit. The world around us shapes us but the world within makes us; this world we are free to create. We allow our lives to be run by others and we follow the rules laid down by society. This often is the cause of our unhappiness and we then tend to blame the situations because we are unable to control them. Instead, we should take responsibility of our own lives. We all have the sense to differentiate the right from the wrong. We are capable of leading sound lives resulting from the choices that we make for ourselves. We are not someone else’s responsibility or liability. We should set ourselves free from the shackles of societal restrictions and soar high in liberty. We are free by birth and bound only by the limitations we set for ourselves.
Expand the idea suggested in the following line:
All roads lead to Rome
Solution:
All Roads Lead to Rome
‘All roads lead to Rome’ is a proverb that has a literal meaning and a figurative meaning. The literal meaning is that whichever road one takes, they will always end up in Rome. This is because in the ancient Roman Empire, Rome was placed as the center and all the roads were constructed in a manner that they all eventually led to Rome. The figurative meaning of this proverb is that no matter which way one chooses to reach their goal, they will always end up where they are meant to be. This proverb is relevant in all aspects of life – education, career, and relationships. For example, three people try to solve a problem using different methods, but arrive at the same solution; or two people use different approaches on a single project but achieve the same outcome. Essentially, our choices may determine and alter our paths, but we will ultimately reach the destination intended for us, because ‘All roads lead to Rome!’.
Expand the idea suggested in the following line:
A man without liberty is a body without a soul.
Solution:
A man without liberty is a body without a soul
A composition of muscle, bone and tissue in varying proportions generates the physical form, but what makes us a spiritual ‘human’ being is the soul. The soul is what actually makes the body whole. Similarly, the freedom to make choices, without any restrictions, is what makes a person whole. Without it, we are all mere puppets, dancing to someone else’s tunes. As social beings, we are blessed with the power of choice to make sound decisions. But with time, we impose rules and restrictions upon ourselves to align with society. Consequently, these impositions then govern our lives and keep us from being true to ourselves. They take away our freedom and confine us in the monotony of tedious routines. However, to lead a sound and happy life, we need to be the free-spirited beings that we were in the past. We need to have the liberty to follow our hearts because without this liberty, our lives are as empty as a body without a soul.
Take help from the sources available on the internet and make a list of proverbs and quotations about ‘road’.
Solution:
“It is a rough road that leads to the heights of greatness.”
“If you don’t like the road you're walking, start paving another one.”
“Nobody travels on the road to success without a puncture or two.”
“If you make the mistake of looking back too much, you aren’t focused enough on the road in front of you.”
Read the poem ‘The Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost.
Do it yourself.
