Chapter 4: Climate
Balbharati solutions for Social Science Geography 10th Standard SSC Maharashtra State Board chapter
1. Study the graphs given in Figure and answer the following questions.
(I) In which month is the highest temperature found in all the four cities?
(ii) In which month does it rain the most in the given cities ?
(iii) When does Brazil have its rainy season ?
(iv) Which city has the maximum range of temperature? How much is it?
(v) What type of climate will be found in Rio De Janerio ?
SOLUTION
(i) The highest temperature in:
a. Manaus: August-October
b. Belem: June- December
c. Porto Alegre: January- February
d. Rio de Janeiro: February
(ii) The highest rainfall in:
a. Manaus: March
b. Belem: March
c. Porto Alegre: August- September
d. Rio de Janeiro: January, February, December
(iii) Brazil has its rainy season during the months of December to April.
(iv) Porto Alegre has the highest range of temperature, ranging from 30 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit.
(v) Rio de Janeiro has a tropical savannah climate.
2. Considering the various factors affecting Brazil’s climate, complete the adjoin table.
SOLUTION:
Considering the various factors affecting Brazil’s climate, complete the adjoin table.
3. Study the graphs given in figure and answer the following questions:
(i) What difference do you find in the rainy seasons of Chennai and other cities of India? Why?
(ii) What similarity do you see in the temperature curves of Delhi and Kolkata ?
(iii) Calculate the average range of minimum and maximum temperatures of all the four cities.
(iv) In which city is the range minimum? What can you infer from this?
(v) In which city is the range maximum? What can you infer from this about its climate?
(vi) Based on the temperature and rainfall of Mumbai, comment upon its climate.
(vii) In which month does India experience the highest rainfall?
(viii) Classify the cities as cities with equable and extreme climates.
SOLUTION
(i) Chennai ranks second in terms of the amount of rainfall. It receives winter rainfall which is not seen in other cities.
(ii) From the temperature curves, Delhi and Kolkata seem to have extreme temperatures.
(iii) Delhi min: 31.3 Max: 16.08
Kolkata min: 32.1 Max: 21.08
Mumbai min: 31.83 Max: 22.16
Chennai min: 33.1 Max: 24.41
(iv) The range is minimum in Delhi. The climate of Delhi is an overlap between monsoon-influenced Humid sub tropical and semi- arid with high variation between summer and winter temperatures and precipitation.
(v) The range is maximum in Chennai. Chennai has a Tropical wet and dry climate. The city lies on the thermal equator and is also on the coast, which prevents extreme variation in seasonal temperature.
(vi) The Climate of Mumbai is a Troical wet and dry climate . Mumbai’s climate can be best described as moderately hot with high level of humidity.
(vii) India experiences the highest rainfall in the month of July.
(viii) Extreme: Delhi, Kolkata
Equable: Mumbai, Chennai
4. Considering the location, extent of Brazil and India, look for the differences in the elements of climate like temperature and rainfall as per direction. Write a short note on it.
SOLUTION
The climatic conditions of India and Brazil are greatly influenced by their coastline.
1. India receives its rainfall from Southwest monsoon winds whereas Brazil gets its rainfall from Southeast and Northeast trade winds.
2. India experiences tropical and subtropical climate. This is because the Tropic of Cancer passes through the centre of India.
3. Northern Brazil has a hot and humid climate while Southern Brazil experiences a temperate climate. The Equator passes through the north of Brazil and the Tropic of Capricon passes through southern Brazil.
5. In which part of India are three crops grown in a year? How is this related to the rainfall over there?
SOLUTION
Three types of crops such as Kharif, Rabi and Zaid are grown in a year in the northern and interior parts of India.
Write the names of the States/Regions in appropriate columns :
Bihar, Tocantins, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Eastern Maharashtra, Western part of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Rio Grande Do Norte, Paraiba, Western Ghats, Eastern Himalayas, Western Andhra Pradesh, Roroima,
Amazonas, West Bengal, Roraima, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina,
SOLUTION
State whether right or wrong. Rewrite the wrong sentence.
1. The fact that Brazil lies on the equator affects its climate in a big way.
SOLUTION
The fact that Brazil lies on the equator affects its climate in a big way – Right
The temperature in Brazil is generally high due to this and rainforests are also present because of the equatorial line passing through it.
2. India and Brazil have the same seasons at the same time.
SOLUTION
India and Brazil have the same seasons at the same time – Wrong.
India lies in the northern hemisphere and Brazil in the southern hemisphere. The seasons in the Northern Hemisphere are the opposite of those in the Southern Hemisphere.
3. India faces tropical cyclones frequently.
SOLUTION
India faces tropical cyclones frequently – Right
The eastern coast is more prone to cyclones, and about 80 percent of the total cyclones generated in the Indian Ocean strike the east coast of India.
There are two probable reasons for it:
The Western Disturbances and the tropical cyclones originating in the Andaman Sea travelling N.W. and reaching the Indian Coromandel Coast.
4. Brazil gets a lot of rainfall because of the southwest monsoon winds.
SOLUTION
Brazil gets a lot of rainfall because of the southwest monsoon winds – Wrong
Brazil gets rainfall because of the South East trade winds and the North East trade winds.
Give geographical reason:
1. The northeastern part of Brazilian Highlands receives very less rainfall.
SOLUTION
1. Parts of the Brazilian highlands extend upto the northern coast and form an escarpment.
2. The escarpments act as an obstruction to the winds coming from the sea and cause the orographic type of rainfall in the coastal region.
3. Beyond the highlands, the effect of these winds gets reduced.
4. As a result, the rainfall is minimal.
2. Snowfall doesn’t always occur in Brazil.
SOLUTION
1. Most of the part of Brazil lies in the tropical zone.
2. The equator passes through the northern part of the country, and the temperature is high in this region.
3. The average temperature in the Amazon valley is 25 ° – 28° C.
4. The climate is cooler in the Highlands.
5. Because of the proximity to the sea, the coasts experience mild and humid climates.
3. Convectional type of rainfall is not prominent in India.
SOLUTION
1. Conventional type of rainfall is the type of rainfall in which the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds.
2. It mostly occurs in the equatorial regions. Rainfall in India is mostly brought by the southwest monsoon winds.
4. Tropical cyclones occur rarely in Brazil.
SOLUTION
1. Tropical cyclones are localized, very intense low-pressure wind systems, forming over tropical cyclones.
2. In the coastal regions near the equator in Brazil, differences in temperatures are negligible.
3. The winds move in the vertical direction in this region.
4. Similarly, the convergence zone of the trade winds is weak here.
5. These are a few conditions which need to be fulfilled for the formation of tropical cyclones, and since they are not fulfilled, tropical cyclones rarely visit the coasts of Brazil.
5.There is not much difference in the range of temperature in Manaus.
SOLUTION
1. Manaus lies in the northern region of Brazil.
2. The equator passes through this part of the country.
3. Regions near the equator experience a small range of temperatures.
4. The average temperature in the Amazon valley is 25 ° – 28° C.
5. The summer tends to be a little cooler due to the precipitation.
6.India receives precipitation from the North-East Monsoon winds too.
SOLUTION
1. Very cold winds blowing from the north are obstructed by the Himalayas.
2. Similarly, the South–West Monsoons retreat from the Shiwalik and Himachal ranges of the Himalayas.
3. Because of the obstruction caused by the Eastern and Western Ghats, it rains more in the coastal areas.
4. The rainfall reduces in the leeward side of the hills.
5. Orographic type of rainfall occurs because of the natural obstruction of the Himalayas.
6. These winds return from the Himalayan ranges, and their retreating journey starts.
7. While blowing from the north-east towards the Indian Ocean, these winds bring rainfall again to some parts of the Peninsula.
8. This is the Retreating Monsoon season in India.
Answer the following question.
1.Describe in brief the changes occurring in the climatic conditions of India while going from south to north.
SOLUTION
1. Very cold winds blowing from the north are obstructed by the Himalayas.
2. Similarly, the South–West Monsoons retreat from the Shiwalik and Himachal ranges of the Himalayas.
3. Because of high temperatures in summers, low-pressure areas develop in Punjab plains and the Thar desert of Rajasthan.
4. This attracts winds coming from the high-pressure region in the Indian Ocean which starts blowing towards the mainland of India.
5. These moisture-laden winds bring rainfall.
6. Because of the obstruction caused by the Eastern and Western Ghats, it rains more in the coastal areas.
2.Explain the importance of the Himalayas and the Indian Ocean with respect to the climate of India.
SOLUTION
Importance of Himalayas:
1. The Himalayas acts as a barrier protecting the great Plains of India from the cold winds of Central Asia during the severe winter season.
2. The Himalayas are the reason for summer rains and monsoon type of climate in the regions that are beyond the Western ghats of India.
3. Himalaya is responsible for the origin of perennial rivers which bring a lot of silt making the northern plains very fertile.
Importance of the Indian ocean:
The Indian Ocean is one of the greatest oceans that brings more moisture that is accountable for very moderate climatic conditions in South India. The role of the Himalayas on Indian agriculture and climate is that it not only increases the fertility level of soil but also causes rainfall.
3.Discuss the factors affecting climate of Brazil.
SOLUTION
1. Considering the temperatures in Brazil, the northern part of Brazil is hot while the temperatures in the southern part are comparatively lower.
2. Seasonal variations are found in this pattern.
3. The factors affecting Brazil are temperature, rainfall, winds, atmospheric pressure, etc.
4. Altitude, latitude, relief characteristics, vegetation, and continentality also affect the climate of Brazil.
5. Near the equator on the Brazilian coast, temperature does not vary much.
6. The average temperature in the Amazon valley is 25 ° – 28° C.
7. The climate is cooler in the Highlands.
8. Because of the proximity to the sea, the coasts experience mild and humid climates.
4.Compare the climates of Brazil and India.
SOLUTION
1. Because of the vast latitudinal extent of Brazil, it experiences a wide range of climatic variations in climate.
2. For example, near the equator, it is hot while the temperate type of climate is found near the Tropic of Capricorn.
3. The average temperature in the Amazon valley is 25 ° – 28° C.
4. The climate is cooler in the Highlands.
5. Because of the proximity to the sea, the coasts experience mild and humid climates.
6. India’s climate is ‘monsoon’ type.
7. The Sunrays are perpendicular upto the Tropic of Cancer, which passes through the middle of the country.
8. As a result, average temperatures are higher throughout the year.
9. Also, temperatures increase towards the south.
10. In winters, the temperatures drop to – 40° Celsius in Jammu and Kashmir and parts of mountainous regions of Himalayas.
11. The diversity in climatic conditions of India is due to the latitudinal location and altitude of the place.
12. The Indian Ocean and the Himalayan ranges exert a great influence on the climate of India and the origin of Monsoons.
With the help of the internet, obtain information regarding annual average temperatures in the continental location of Brasilia and Bhopal and explain it with the help of a graph.
SOLUTION:
Bhopal has tropical climate, driest month is April, most precipitation is August, warmest month is May and average temperature is around 25o Celsius.
Brasilia has tropical climate, driest month is June, most precipitation is January, warmest month is September and average temperature is around 25o Celsius.
Balbharati Solutions for Social Science Geography 10th Standard SSC Maharashtra State Board
Geography 2020-2021 SSC (English Medium) 10th Standard Board Exam Question Paper Solution.
Balbharati Solutions for Social Science Geography 10th Standard SSC Maharashtra State Board
Chapter 2: Location and Extent
Chapter 3: Physiography and Drainage
Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
Chapter 8: Economy and Occupations
