Urbanisation
Class 9th Geography MHB Solution
Exercise
- The slums in the cities are increasing. Suggest measures for the following problems:…
- Because of the increasing traffic jams within the city, lot of time is consumed in…
- The question of law and order in the urban areas is serious. Suggest measures for the…
- The problem of pollution is grave because of urbanisation. Suggest measures for the…
- Migration has created questions of health and education in urban areas. Suggest measures…
- Match the correct pairs: rate Group A Group B 1. Technological development and…
- Outline the importance/ advantages of the following: (A) Technology and mechanisation (B)…
- Transportation system and traffic jams Compare the following and give examples:…
- Industrialization and air pollution Compare the following and give examples:…
- Migration and slums Compare the following and give examples:
- Amenities and increasing crime Compare the following and give examples:…
- Complete the table: Process of urbanization Effects Emergence of slums Illegal settlements…
- The growth of cities takes place in a specific method. Explain:
- A planned city of your imagination Explain:
- Industrialization causes cities to develop. Explain:
- Pollution- A problem Explain:
- Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Explain:
- Suggest measures for the following problems of urbanisation shown in the following…
- Suggest measures for the following problems of urbanisation shown in the following…
- Suggest measures for the following problems of urbanisation shown in the following…
- Q7DActivity Suggest measures for the following problems of urbanisation shown in the…
- Make a list of the large cities in India and show them on a map of India.…
- Visit a big city near your village and write the facilities and problems you come across…
- Using the statistical information given in the table below, draw a line graph of the…
Exercise
Question 1.Suggest measures for the following problems:
The slums in the cities are increasing.
Answer:
a. Promote affordable housing to slum dwellers
b. Provision of basic necessities like food, electricity, basic healthcare
c. Rehabilitation of slums to safe places
Question 2.
Suggest measures for the following problems:
Because of the increasing traffic jams within the city, lot of time is consumed in commuting.
Answer:
d. Technological solutions like using artificial intelligence in revamping the city’s traffic management.
e. Expansion of existing roads and construction of new roads
f. Promotion of public transport like Metros, bus and train
Question 3.
Suggest measures for the following problems:
The question of law and order in the urban areas is serious.
Answer:
g. Relocation of police stations to high crime prone areas using technological tools like big data analytics
h. Promoting community policing
Question 4.
Suggest measures for the following problems:
The problem of pollution is grave because of urbanisation.
Answer:
i. Promotion of public transport like local train, metro and bus
j. Lifestyle changes like use of cycle, carpooling
k. Relocation of Brick Kilns far from cities
l. Avoiding stubble burning
m. Dust cleaning equipment
Question 5.
Suggest measures for the following problems:
Migration has created questions of health and education in urban areas.
Answer:
n. Promoting affordable healthcare
o. Increase awareness about good hygienic practices
p. Provision of adequate water and sanitation facilities
q. Promoting affordable and quality education
Question 6.
Match the correct pairs: rate
Answer:
Question 7.
Outline the importance/ advantages of the following:
(A) Technology and mechanisation
(B) Trade
(C) Industrialisation
(D) Amenities in urban areas
(E) Social harmony in the cities
Answer:
A) • Increase in productivity leads to growth of economy and income
• Technology and innovation create demand for new skill sets and thereby creating employment opportunities.
B) • Increase in prosperity
• Development of logistics sector
• Creation of employment opportunities
C) • Increase in trade and income
• Improvement in living standards
D) • Improvement in living standards
• Creation of indirect employment for these service providers
E) • Peace and security
• Emergence of composite culture with exchange of new ideas, cultural practices and beliefs.
Question 8.
Compare the following and give examples:
Transportation system and traffic jams
Answer:
As there is urbanization, cities grow. People migrate to these cities for jobs, education, etc. There is increase in transportation systems too due to people travelling frequently from suburbs to cities. Public transportation system is not sufficient and hence the number of private vehicles increases. This leads to an increase in traffic jams and travelling time increases significantly.
Question 9.
Compare the following and give examples:
Industrialization and air pollution
Answer:
Industrialisation leads to set up of huge factories which produce goods on a large scale. Along with this, there is production of large amount of waste which is generally untreated as the factories find it expensive to treat it and then release. This leads to increase in air pollution as toxic gases are released through chimneys.
Question 10.
Compare the following and give examples:
Migration and slums
Answer:
As there is urbanization, cities grow. People migrate to these cities for jobs, education, etc. Many of them are not as skilled as required by the factories in cities hence they take up small odd jobs for survival. They cannot afford to stay in expensive apartments of these cities. Apart from this, cities have limited spaces which forces them to stay in slums.
Question 11.
Compare the following and give examples:
Amenities and increasing crime
Answer:
As there is urbanization, cities grow. People migrate to these cities for jobs, education, etc. Many of them are not as skilled as required by the factories in cities hence they take up small odd jobs for survival. The people who have migrated people do not always find employment in the cities. Some of them look for means to earn money through illegal ways. This leads to an increase in the crime rate of the cities. Thefts, burglaries, scuffles and murders are the crimes that happen in the cities.
Question 12.
Complete the table:
Answer:
Question 13.
Explain:
The growth of cities takes place in a specific method.
Answer:
a. Formation of cities can take place in various methods. Regions that are located at the densely trade routes tend to urbanize. For instance, Pataliputra and Ujjain in ancient India were prosperous cities that were located on trade routes.
b. Cities like Bombay, Madras, Kolkata were more developed compared to other regions because of British policy.
c. Mineral rich region tends to attract investment and big industries. These industries create enormous employment opportunities and development of ancillary industries. Ex: Jamshedpur
Question 14.
Explain:
A planned city of your imagination
Answer:
A planned city of my imagination would have the foll:
a. Smart city with extensive use of ICT in service delivery.
b. Green buildings with minimal carbon footprint
c. More green spaces and tree belts
d. Rehabilitation of slums and integrating them with mainstream society with provision of affordable education and healthcare.
e. Promoting public transportation and ensuring last mile connectivity.
f. Proper implementation of law and order in city
g. Incorporating polluters pays principle in policy formulation. Maintaining stringent standards on discharge of harmful chemicals by manufacturing industries.
h. Incorporating artificial intelligence in traffic management. For instance, Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba has launched its traffic management in many cities of China and is looking to launch in Malaysia soon.
Question 15.
Explain:
Industrialization causes cities to develop.
Answer:
Industrialization is the process in which an agriculturally-based economy transforms into manufacturing sector. Worldwide, industrialization has led to creation of many cities. For instance, Britain was one of the first country to witness early industrialization that led to development of cities like Manchester, Bradford etc. In India, cities like Mumbai developed rapidly due to presence of large textile mill base and many adjoining villages became part of Mumbai metropolitan area.
Question 16.
Explain:
Pollution- A problem
Answer:
Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances into the natural environment that cause adverse impact. Pollution can be caused due to natural and man-made factors. There are various types of pollution
• Air pollution: Emission of toxic gases from factories, automobiles lowers the quality of air. According to WHO, air pollution can lead to premature deaths.
• Noise Pollution: Prolonged exposure of High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Loud noise can cause a serious threat to a child’s physical and psychological health.
• Water pollution: It is caused when harmful effluents from factories or households are discharged into water bodies without treatment. Inadequate amount of quality water can lead to water scarcity. Intake of contaminated water is also linked to various diseases like cholera, typhoid, dysentery etc.
Question 17.
Explain:
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
Answer:
• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a pan-India cleanliness campaign that seeks to create a Clean India. It was launched in 2014. The programme aims to achieve the goal of a ‘Clean India’ by 2nd October 2019. Several political leaders, celebrities, various organisations have participated in the cleanliness drive. Such massive awareness campaign is expected to improve the health outcomes.
Question 18.
Suggest measures for the following problems of urbanisation shown in the following pictures.
Answer:
• Use of electrostatic precipitators to reduce the emission harmful gases
• Relocation of factories far from cities
• Regular audit of factories and ensuring strict compliance
• Use of new technologies like dry Sorbent Injection that are used for controlling sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions in thermal power plants.
Question 19.
Suggest measures for the following problems of urbanisation shown in the following pictures.
Answer:
• Implementation of Swach Bharat Abhiyan
• Minimizing waste by promoting citizen awareness on benefits of proper solid waste management
• Segregation of wastes at the source level
• RRR- reduce, reuse and recycle
• Promoting in-house composting of waste
Question 20.
Suggest measures for the following problems of urbanisation shown in the following pictures.
Answer:
• Sensitizing citizens about the harmful effects of noise pollution
• Setting the decibel limit in areas especially schools and hospitals
• Extensive use of noise barriers
• Ensure smooth traffic flow with proper traffic management
• Stringent action against violators
• Industries, Airport must be located far from cities
• Plantation of trees
Question 21.
Suggest measures for the following problems of urbanisation shown in the following pictures.
Answer:
• Prohibiting discharge of wastes by factories
• Avoid dumping of wastes in lakes
• Stringent action to be taken against violators
• Sensitizing citizens about the harmful effects of water pollution
Activity
Question 1.Make a list of the large cities in India and show them on a map of India.
Answer:
Question 2.
Visit a big city near your village and write the facilities and problems you come across with the help of your teacher.
Answer:
We visited the city of Mumbai near our village. The facilities included better health facilities, infrastructure, banking facilities, etc. In our village, there is only one hospital which does not function properly. Most of the times, the doctor is not available. This was not the case with Mumbai. There were multiple hospitals, both government and private.
Infrastructure facilities in the city included huge railway stations, parks, etc. which are not found in our village.
Intext Questions
Question 1.Using the statistical information given in the table below, draw a line graph of the percentage of urban population using computer. Discuss in terms of urbanisation. After studying this graph, write the conclusions about urbanisation in our country from 1961-2011 in your own words.
Answer:
From 1961-1981, the growth of urban population was around 5.5% only but from 1981-2011, this growth was around 13.73%. This means that the urban population is increasing rapidly in India
From 1961-1991, the growth of urban settlements was around 58.8% only but from 1991-2011, this growth was around 120.11%. This means that the urban settlements are increasing rapidly in India.
