Elaborate principles of scientific management.
Solution:
Principles of Scientific Management:
These principles are as follows:
1) Science, Not Rule of Thumb:
In order to increase organizational efficiency, the 'Rule of Thumb' method should be substituted with the methods developed through scientific analysis of work. Rule of thumb decisions is based on personal judgments of the manager. Taylor insisted upon scientific methods for every small work. This principle is concerned with selecting the best way of performing a job after scientific analysis of that job and not by trial and error methods.
2) Harmony, Not Discord:
According to this principle, there should be harmony between the employees and management.
This coordination will help in minimizing conflicts between them. The perfect understanding between employees and management will be helpful in creating a healthy work environment for achieving the desired goal.
3) Mental Revolution:
Taylor introduced the concept of "Mental Revolution". This principle focuses on the change in the attitude of employees and management towards each other. Both should realize their equal importance in the organization. They should give full cooperation for achieving the goal of the organization. This will increase productivity and profits.
4) Cooperation, Not Individualism:
This principle emphasizes mutual cooperation between the workforce i.e. employees and management. Due to cooperation, trust, team spirit, etc. internal competition will turn into a healthy working environment. Management should always consider the suggestions given by employees in the decision-making process.
5) Division of Responsibility:
Proper division of work should always be accompanied by the division of responsibilities between the managers and employees. Major planning is done by the top and middle-level management authorities whereas employees are concentrating on its execution. It helps for the best performance of managers as well as employees.
6) Development of employer and employees for greater efficiency and maximum prosperity:
The best performance of any organization always depends on the skills and capabilities of its, employees to a great extent. Thus, providing training and development programs to the employees whenever required, is very essential. It ultimately affects the profitability of the organization. Each employee should be given the proper opportunity to attain greater efficiency and maximum prosperity.
