Progressions Class 10th Mathematics AP Board Solution

Class 10^th Mathematics AP Board Solution

Exercise 6.1

1. The taxi fare after each km when the fare is Rs. 20 for the first km and rises…
2. The amount of air present in a cylinder when a vacuum pump removes 1/4 of the…
3. The cost of digging a well, after every metre of digging, when it costs Rs. 150…
4. The amount of money in the account every year, when Rs. 10000 is deposited at…
5. a = 10, d = 10 Write first four terms of the AP, when the first term a and the…
6. a = -2, d = 0 Write first four terms of the AP, when the first term a and the…
7. a = 4, d = -3 Write first four terms of the AP, when the first term a and the…
8. a = 1, d = 1/2. Write first four terms of the AP, when the first term a and the…
9. a = -1.25, d = -0.25 Write first four terms of the AP, when the first term a…
10. 3, 1, -1,-3 For the following APs, write the first term and the common…
11. -5, -1, 3, 7 For the following APs, write the first term and the common…
12. For the following APs, write the first term and the common difference.…
13. 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9 For the following APs, write the first term and the common…
14. 2, 4, 8, 16. Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the…
15. 2, 5/2, 3, 7/2 Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the…
16. -1.2, -3.2, -5.2, -7.2, . . . Which of the following are APs? If they form an…
17. -10, -6, -2, 2, . . . Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find…
18. 3, 3 + √ 2, 3 + 2√ 2, 3 + 3√ 2 …… Which of the following are APs? If they form…
19. 0.2, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222, . . . . Which of the following are APs? If they form…
20. 0, -4, -8, -12, . . . Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find…
21. , 2 2 , ….. Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common…
22. 1, 3, 9, 27, . . . Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the…
23. a, 2a, 3a, 4a.. Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the…
24. a, a^2 , a^3 , a^4 Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the…
25. √2, √8, √18, √32 Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the…
26. √3, √6, √9, √12 Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the…

Exercise 6.2

1. Fill in the blanks in the following table, given that a is the first term, d the…
2. 30thterm of the A.P. 10, 7, 4 …… Find the
3. 11thterm of the A.P. : -3, , 2, … Find the
4. a1 = 2, a3 = 26, find a2 Find the respective terms for the following APs.…
5. a2 = 13, a4 = 3, find a1, a3 Find the respective terms for the following APs.…
6. a1 = 5, a4 = 9 1 0 , find a2, a3 Find the respective terms for the following…
7. a1 = 4; a6 = 6. Find a2, a3, a4, a5 Find the respective terms for the following…
8. a2 = 38, a6 = -22, find a1, a3, a4, a5 Find the respective terms for the…
9. Which term of the AP : 3, 8, 13, 18, ….. , is 78
10. 7, 13, 19, . . ., 205 Find the number of terms in each of the following APs :…
11. 18, 15 1 0 , 13 …. , -47 Find the number of terms in each of the following APs…
12. Check whether, -150 is a term of the AP: 11, 8, 5, 2 ….
13. Find the 31st term of an AP whose 11thterm is 38 and the 16th term is 73…
14. If the 3rd and the 9th terms of an AP are 4 and -8 respectively, which term of…
15. The 17th term of an AP exceeds its 10th term by 7. Find the common difference.…
16. Two APs have the same common difference. The difference between their 100th…
17. How many three-digit numbers are divisible by 7?
18. How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250?
19. For what value of n, are the nth terms of two APs: 63, 65, 67, …. And 3, 10,…
20. Determine the AP whose third term is 16 and the 7thterm exceeds the 5thterm by…
21. Find the 20thterm from the end of the AP : 3, 8, 13, …., 253.
22. The sum of the 4th and 8thterms of an AP is 24 and the sum of the 6th and 10th…
23. Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual salary of Rs. 5000 and received an…

Exercise 6.3

1. 2, 7, 12, …., to 10 terms. Find the sum of the following APs:
2. -37, -33, -29, ……, to 12 terms. Find the sum of the following APs:…
3. 0.6, 1.7,2.8, ….., to 100 terms. Find the sum of the following APs:…
4. , , ….., to 11 terms Find the sum of the following APs:
5. 7 + 10 i + 14 +…. +84. Find the sums given below:
6. 34 + 32 + 30 +….+10 Find the sums given below:
7. (-5) + (-8) + (-11) +…… + (-230) Find the sums given below:
8. given a = 5, d = 3, an = 50 find n and sn In an AP :
9. given a = 7, an = 35 find d and s13 In an AP :
10. given d = 3, a12 = 37 find a and s12 In an AP :
11. given S10 = 125, a3 = 15 find d and a10 In an AP :
12. given a = 2, Sn = 90, d = 8 find n and an In an AP :
13. given an = 4, d = 2, sn = -14. Find n and a In an AP :
14. given l = 28, sn = 144 and there are 9 terms Find and a In an AP :…
15. The first and the last terms of an AP are 17 and 350 respectively. If the common…
16. Find the sum of first 51 terms of an AP whose second and third terms are 14 and…
17. If the sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that of 17 terms is 289, find the…
18. an = 3+4n Also find the sum of the first 15 terms in each case. Show that a1,…
19. an = 9-5n Also find the sum of the first 15 terms in each case. Show that a1,…
20. If the sum of first n terms of an AP is 4n-n^2 what is the first (remember the…
21. Find the sum of the first 40 positive integers divisible by 6.
22. A sum of Rs. 700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to students of a…
23. In a school, students thought of planting trees in and around the school to…
24. A spiral is made up of successive semicircles, with centres alternately at A…
25. 200 logs are stacked in the following manner: 20 logs in the bottom row, 19 in…
26. In a bucket and ball race, a bucket is placed at the starting point, which is 5…

Exercise 6.4

1. Salary of Sharmila, when her salary is Rs. 5,00,000 for the first year and…
2. Number of bricks needed to make each step, if the stair case has total 30…
3. Perimeter of each triangle, when the mid points of sides of equilateral…
4. a = 4, r = 3 Write three terms of the GP when the first term ‘a’ and the common…
5. a = √5, r = Write three terms of the GP when the first term ‘a’ and the common…
6. a = 81, r = Write three terms of the GP when the first term ‘a’ and the common…
7. a = , r = 2 Write three terms of the GP when the first term ‘a’ and the common…
8. 4, 8, 16,…. Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more…
9. , ,…… Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more terms?…
10. 5, 55, 555, ………… Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three…
11. -2, -6, -18 …….. Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three…
12. …….. Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more terms?…
13. 3, -3^2 , 3^3 ……. Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three…
14. x, 1, …… Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more…
15. Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more terms?…
16. 0.4, 0.04, 0.004, …… Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write…
17. Find x so that x, x+2, x+6 are consecutive terms of a geometric progression.…

Exercise 6.5

1. 3, alpha , ,….. For each geometric progression find the common ratio ‘r’, and…
2. 2, -6, 18, -54…. For each geometric progression find the common ratio ‘r’, and…
3. -1, -3, -9, -27…. For each geometric progression find the common ratio ‘r’, and…
4. 5, 2, ……. For each geometric progression find the common ratio ‘r’, and then…
5. Find the 10thand nth term of GP. : 5, 25, 125, …….
6. a1 = 9, r = find a7 Find the indicated term of each geometric Progression…
7. a1 = -12, r = find a6 Find the indicated term of each geometric Progression…
8. 2, 8, 32, ……. is 512? Which term of the GP.
9. √3, 3, 3√3…… is 729? Which term of the GP.
10. , ,,….is ? Which term of the GP.
11. Find the 12th term of a GP. Whose 8th term is 192 and the common ratio is 2.…
12. The 4th term of a geometric progression is and the seventh term is Find the…
13. If the geometric progressions 162, 54, 18 …. and 2/01 , 2/37 , 2/n have their…

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Exercise 6.1

Question 1.

In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved make an arithmetic progression, and why?

The taxi fare after each km when the fare is Rs. 20 for the first km and rises by Rs. 8 for each additional km.

Answer:

Given that price for 1^st km is Rs. 20 so that is first term ‘a’ of the series.

And also we have been given that for every km after 1^st km is Rs. 8

So, for 2 km it will be 20 + 8 = 28

Similarly, 3 km = 28 + 8 + 8 = 36

In the same way it adds on for another km

If we put taxi fares in series for each km. It will look like this,

20, 28, 36, 44, 52 ……

On seeing the above series we can conclude that it is in A.P.

∵ They have same common difference between two consequent numbers (d = 8).

Question 2.

In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved make an arithmetic progression, and why?

The amount of air present in a cylinder when a vacuum pump removes of the air remaining in the cylinder at a time.

Answer:

Let V be the initial volume of air that is present in the cylinder.

They have said that a vacuum removes of the air.

Let initial volume (v) = 1 litre

After first removal of air, the remaining will be V₁

V₁ = 1- ⇒

Similarly,

In second attempt it removes of the air remaining.

That means they remove = of air.

So, V₂ = - ⇒

After third attempt V₃ = of air will be remaining.

So, the series will be look like

1, ,

The above series is NOT looking like A.P.

∵ Their common difference is not same.

Question 3.

In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved make an arithmetic progression, and why?

The cost of digging a well, after every metre of digging, when it costs Rs. 150 for the first metre and rises by Rs. 50 for each subsequent metre.

Answer:

Given that cost for digging 1^st meter is Rs. 150 so that is first term ‘a’ of the series.

And also we have been given that for every meter after 1^st meter digging is Rs. 50

So, for 2 meter it will be 150 + 50 = 200

Similarly, 3 meter = 150 + 50 + 50 = 250

In the same way it adds on for every another meter digging

If we put cost of digging in series for each meter. It will look like this,

150, 200, 250, 300, ……

On seeing the above series we can conclude that it is in A.P.

∵ They have same common difference between two consequent numbers (d = 50).

Question 4.

In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved make an arithmetic progression, and why?

The amount of money in the account every year, when Rs. 10000 is deposited at compound interest at 8% per annum.

Answer:

Given that initially 10000 is in the account, so it is first term ‘a’.

Every year 8% compound interest will be paid for that.

That means they will pay 8% of 10000 for the first year.

⇒ will be paid.

After first year 800 will be added to account.

So the amount will be become 10800.

Since it is compound interest every year principal amount will be updated.

So, they will pay 8% of 10800 in the second year.

⇒ will be paid.

After first year 864 will be added to account.

So the amount will be become 11664.

So, the series will be 10000, 10800, 11664 …..

Since the common difference is not same.

The series is not in A.P

Question 5.

Write first four terms of the AP, when the first term a and the common difference d are given as follows:

a = 10, d = 10

Answer:

Given that first term (a) = 10

Common difference (d) = 10

The first four terms of the A.P is given by

a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d

⇒ 10, 10+10, 10+2×10, 10+3×10

⇒ 10, 20, 30, 40

Question 6.

Write first four terms of the AP, when the first term a and the common difference d are given as follows:

a = -2, d = 0

Answer:

Given that first term (a) = -2

Common difference (d) = 0

Series will be same as First Term. Since common difference (d) in the series is 0.

The first four terms in the series is -2,-2,-2,-2.

Question 7.

Write first four terms of the AP, when the first term a and the common difference d are given as follows:

a = 4, d = -3

Answer:

Given that first term (a) = 4

Common difference (d) = -3

The first four terms of the A.P is given by

a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d

⇒ 4, 4+ (-3), 4+ 2(-3), 4+ 3(-3)

⇒ 4, 1, -2, -5 .

Question 8.

Write first four terms of the AP, when the first term a and the common difference d are given as follows:

a = 1, d = 1/2.

Answer:

Given that first term (a) = -1

Common difference (d) =

The first four terms of the A.P is given by

a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d

⇒ -1, -1+, -1+2×, -1+3×

⇒ -1, , 0,

Question 9.

Write first four terms of the AP, when the first term a and the common difference d are given as follows:

a = -1.25, d = -0.25

Answer:

Given that first term (a) = -1.25

Common difference (d) = -0.25

The first four terms of the A.P is given by

a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d

⇒ -1.25, -1.25+ (-0.25), -1.25+2 × (-0.25), -1.25+3 ×(-0.25)

⇒ -1.25, -1.5, -1.75, -2.

Question 10.

For the following APs, write the first term and the common difference.

3, 1, -1,-3

Answer:

In the above series first term (a) is 3

Common difference (d) is given by 2^nd term - 1^st term

⇒ d = 1 -3

⇒ d = -2

Question 11.

For the following APs, write the first term and the common difference.

-5, -1, 3, 7

Answer:

In the above series first term (a) is -5

Common difference (d) is given by 2^nd term - 1^st term

⇒ d = -1 – (-5)

⇒ d = 4

Question 12.

For the following APs, write the first term and the common difference.

Answer:

In the above series first term (a) is

Common difference (d) is given by 2^nd term - 1^st term

⇒ d = –

⇒ d =

Question 13.

For the following APs, write the first term and the common difference.

0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9

Answer:

In the above series first term (a) is 0.6

Common difference (d) is given by 2^nd term - 1^st term

⇒ d = 1.7 -0.6

⇒ d = 1.1

Question 14.

Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.

2, 4, 8, 16.

Answer:

For a series to be in AP, the common difference (d) should be

Equal.

D₁ = second term – first term = 4 – 2 = 2

D₂ = Third term - Second term = 8 – 4 = 4

Since common difference is not equal the above series is not in AP

Question 15.

Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.

2, 5/2, 3, 7/2

Answer:

For a series to be in AP, the common difference (d) should be

Equal.

d₁ = second term – first term = – 2 = 0.5

d₂ = Third term - Second term = 3 – = 0.5

Since common difference is same the above series is in AP.

The next three terms will be the 5^th, 6^th, 7^th.

5^th term will be given by = a + (5-1)d = a + 4d = 2 + 4(0.5) = 4

6^th term is a + (6-1)d = a + 5d = 2 + 5(0.5) = 4.5

7^th term is a + (7-1)d = a + 6d = 2 + 6(0.5) = 5.

Question 16.

Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.

-1.2, -3.2, -5.2, -7.2, . . .

Answer:

For a series to be in AP, the common difference (d) should be

Equal.

D₁ = second term – first term = -3.2 – (-1.2) = -2

D₂ = Third term - Second term = -5.2 – (-3.2) = -2

Since common difference is equal the above series is in AP

The next three terms will be the 5^th, 6^th, 7^th.

5^th term will be given by

= a + (5-1)d = a + 4d = -1.2 + 4(-2) = -9.2

6^th term is a + (6-1)d = a + 5d = -1.2 + 5(-2) = -11.2

7^th term is a + (7-1)d = a + 6d = -1.2 + 6(-2) = -13.2

Question 17.

Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.

-10, -6, -2, 2, . . .

Answer:

For a series to be in AP, the common difference (d) should be

Equal.

D₁ = second term – first term = -6 – (-10) = 4

D₂ = Third term - Second term = -2 – (6) = 4

Since common difference is equal the above series is in AP

The next three terms will be the 5^th, 6^th, 7^th.

5^th term will be given by

= a + (5-1)d = a + 4d = -10 + 4(4) = 6

6^th term is a + (6-1)d = a + 5d = -10 + 5(4) = 10

7^th term is a + (7-1)d = a + 6d = -10 + 6(4) = 14

Question 18.

Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.

3, 3 + √ 2, 3 + 2√ 2, 3 + 3√ 2 ……

Answer:

For a series to be in AP, the common difference (d) should be

Equal.

D₁ = second term – first term = 3 + √ 2 - 3 = √ 2

D₂ = Third term - Second term = 3 + 2√ 2 - 3 + √ 2 = √2

Since common difference is equal the above series is in AP

The next three terms will be the 5^th, 6^th, 7^th.

5^th term will be given by

= a + (5-1)d = a + 4d = 3 + 4(√2) = 3 + 4√2

6^th term is a + (6-1)d = a + 5d = -10 + 5(√2) = 3 + 5√2

7^th term is a + (7-1)d = a + 6d = -10 + 6(√2) = 3 + 6√2.

Question 19.

Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.

0.2, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222, . . . .

Answer:

For a series to be in AP, the common difference (d) should be

Equal.

D₁ = second term – first term = 0.22 -0.2 = 0.02

D₂ = Third term - Second term = 0.222 – 0.22 = 0.002

Since common difference is not equal the above series is not in AP

Question 20.

Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.

0, -4, -8, -12, . . .

Answer:

For a series to be in AP, the common difference (d) should be

Equal.

d₁ = second term – first term = -4 – 0 = -4

d₂ = Third term - Second term = -8 – (-4) = -4

Since common difference is same the above series is in AP.

The next three terms will be the 5^th, 6^th, 7^th.

5^th term will be given by = a + (5-1)d = a + 4d = 0 + 4(-4) = -16

6^th term is a + (6-1)d = a + 5d = 0 + 5(-4) = -20

7^th term is a + (7-1)d = a + 6d = 0 + 6(-4) = -24.

Question 21.

Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.

, , …..

Answer:

For a series to be in AP, the common difference (d) should be

Equal.

d₁ = second term – first term = – = 0

d₂ = Third term - Second term = – = 0

Since common difference is same the above series is in AP.

The next three terms will be the 5^th, 6^th, 7^th.

5^th term will be given by = a + (5-1)d = a + 4d = + 4(0) =

6^th term is a + (6-1)d = a + 5d = + 5(0) =

7^th term is a + (7-1)d = a + 6d = + 6(0) = .

Question 22.

Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.

1, 3, 9, 27, . . .

Answer:

For a series to be in AP, the common difference (d) should be

Equal.

D₁ = second term – first term = 3 - 1 = 2

D₂ = Third term - Second term = 9 – 3 = 7

Since common difference is not equal the above series is not in AP

Question 23.

Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.

a, 2a, 3a, 4a..

Answer:

For a series to be in AP, the common difference (d) should be

Equal.

d₁ = second term – first term = 2a – a = a

d₂ = Third term - Second term = 3a – 2a = a

Since common difference is same the above series is in AP.

The next three terms will be the 5^th, 6^th, 7^th.

5^th term will be given by = a + (5-1)d = a + 4d = a + 4(a) = 5a

6^th term is a + (6-1)d = a + 5d = a + 5(a) = 6a

7^th term is a + (7-1)d = a + 6d = a + 6(a) = 7a.

Question 24.

Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.

a, a², a³, a⁴

Answer:

For a series to be in AP, the common difference (d) should be

Equal.

D₁ = second term – first term = a² - a = a² - a

D₂ = Third term - Second term = a³ - a² = a³ - a²

Since common difference is not equal the above series is not in AP

Question 25.

Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.

√2, √8, √18, √32

Answer:

He above series can be re written as

√2, √8, √18, √32

⇒ √2, √(2² × 2), √(3² × 2), √(4² × 2)

√2, 2√2, 3√2, 4√2,…..

For a series to be in AP, the common difference (d) should be

Equal.

d₁ = second term – first term = 2√2 – √2 = √2

d₂ = Third term - Second term = 3√2 – 2√2 =

Since common difference is same the above series is in AP.

The next three terms will be the 5^th, 6^th, 7^th.

5^th term will be given by

a + (5-1)d = a + 4d = √2+ 4(√2) = 5√2 = √50

6^th term is a + (6-1)d = a + 5d = √2 + 5(√2) = 6√2 = √72

7^th term is a + (7-1)d = a + 6d = √2 + 6(√2) = 7√2 = √98.

Question 26.

Which of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.

√3, √6, √9, √12

Answer:

For a series to be in AP, the common difference (d) should be

Equal.

D₁ = second term – first term = √3 - √6 = √3 (1 - √2)

D₂ = Third term - Second term = √6 - √9 = √3 (√2 - 3)

Since common difference is not equal the above series is not in AP

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Exercise 6.2

Question 1.

Fill in the blanks in the following table, given that a is the first term, d the common difference and the nth term of the AP:

Answer:

I. Given first term (a) = 7

Common difference (d) = 3

n = 8 ,

a_n = ?

we know that a_n = a + (n-1)d

So, we have to find a₈

a₈ = a + (8-1)d = 7 + 7 × 3 = 28

II.

Given first term (a) = -18

Common difference (d) = ?

n = 10, a_n = 0

a₁₀ = a + (10-1)d

0 = -18 + 9×d

d = 2

III. Given

Common difference (d) = -3

n = 18, a_n = -5

first term (a) = ?

a₈ = a + (18-1)d

-5 = a + 17×(-3)

a = -46

IV. Given first term (a) = -18.9

Common difference (d) = 2.5

n = ?

a_n = 3.6

we know that a_n = a + (n-1)d

3.6 = -18.9 + (n-1)2.5

22.5 = (n-1)2.5

9 = n-1

n = 10

V. Given first term (a) = 3.5

Common difference (d) = 0

n = 105 ,

a_n = ?

we know that a_n = a + (n-1)d

a_n = 3.5 + (105-1)0

a_n = 3.5

Question 2.

Find the

30^thterm of the A.P. 10, 7, 4 ……

Answer:

Given

First term (a) = 10

Common difference (d) = 2^nd – 1^st terms

d = 7 – 10 = -3

we need to find the 30^th term

we know that a_n = a + (n-1)d

so n = 30

a₃₀ = 10 + (30-1) (-3)

a₃₀ = -77

Question 3.

Find the

11^thterm of the A.P. : -3, , 2, …

Answer:

Given

First term (a) = -3

Common difference (d) = 2^nd – 1^st terms

d = -3 – = 2.5

we need to find the 11^th term

we know that a_n = a + (n-1)d

so here, n = 11

a₁₁ = -3 + (11-1) (2.5)

a₁₁ = 22

Question 4.

Find the respective terms for the following APs.

a₁ = 2, a₃ = 26, find a₂

Answer:

Given that a₁ = 2 & a₃ = 26

That means a₃ = a₁ + (3-1)d

⇒ 26 = 2 + 2d

⇒ 24 = 2d

⇒ d = 12

∴ a₂ = a₁ + (2-1)d

⇒ a₂ = 2 + 12 = 14

Question 5.

Find the respective terms for the following APs.

a₂ = 13, a₄ = 3, find a₁, a₃

Answer:

Given that a₂ = 13 & a₄ = 3

a₂ = a₁ + (2-1)d

13 = a₁ + d ⇒ 1

a₄ = a₁ + (4-1)d

3 = a₁ + 3d ⇒ 2

By subtracting the both equations

13 – 3 = (a₁ + d ) - (a₁ + 3d)

10 = -2d

d = -5

By substituting in 1 equations we get a₁

13 = a₁ + (-5)

18 = a₁

a₃ = a₁ + (3-1)d

= 18 + 2 × (-5)

= 8.

Question 6.

Find the respective terms for the following APs.

a₁ = 5, a₄ = 9, find a₂, a₃

Answer:

Given that a₁ = 5 & a₄ = 9.5

a₄ = a₁ + (4-1)d

9.5 = a₁ + 3d

Substituting a₁ in above equation

9.5 = 5 + 3d

4.5 = 3d

d = 1.5

now, a₂ = a₁ + (2-1)d

= 5 + 1.5

= 6.5

a₃ = a₁ + (3-1)d

= 5 + 2× 1.5

= 8

Question 7.

Find the respective terms for the following APs.

a₁ = 4; a₆ = 6. Find a₂, a₃, a₄, a₅

Answer:

Given that a₁ = 4

And a₆ = 6

a₆ = a₁ + (6-1)d

6 = 4 + 5d

D = 0.4

To find a₂:

a₂ = a₁ + (2-1)d

= 4 + 0.4

= 4.4

To find a₃:

a₃ = a₁ + (3-1)d

= 4 + 2×0.4

= 4.8

To find a₄:

a₄ = a₁ + (4-1)d

= 4 + 3×0.4

= 5.2

To find a₅:

a₅ = a₁ + (5-1)d

= 4 + 4×0.4

= 5.6

Question 8.

Find the respective terms for the following APs.

a₂ = 38, a₆ = -22, find a₁, a₃, a₄, a₅

Answer:

Given that a₂ = 38 & a₆ = -22

a₂ = a₁ + (2-1)d

38 = a₁ + d ⇒ 1

a₆ = a₁ + (6-1)d

-22 = a₁ + 5d ⇒ 2

By subtracting the both equations

38 – (-22) = (a₁ + d ) - (a₁ + 5d)

60 = -4d

d = -15

By substituting in 1 equations we get a₁

38 = a₁ + (-15)

53 = a₁

To find a₃:

a₃ = a₁ + (3-1)d

= 53 + 2×(-15)

= 23

To find a₄:

a₄ = a₁ + (4-1)d

= 53 + 3×(-15)

= 8

To find a₅:

a₅ = a₁ + (5-1)d

= 53 + 4×(-15)

= -7

Question 9.

Which term of the AP : 3, 8, 13, 18, ….. , is 78

Answer:

Given first term (a) = 3

Common difference (d) = n₂-n₁ = 8-3 = 5

a_n = 78

⇒ a_n = a + (n-1)d

78 = 3 +(n-1) 5

75 = (n-1) 5

(n-1) = 15

n = 16

Therefore 78 is 16^th term of the series.

Question 10.

Find the number of terms in each of the following APs :

7, 13, 19, . . ., 205

Answer:

Given first term (a) = 7

Common difference (d) = n₂-n₁ = 13 - 7 = 6

a_n = 205

⇒ a_n = a + (n-1)d

205 = 7 +(n-1) 6

198 = (n-1) 6

(n-1) = 33

n = 34

Therefore 205 is 34^th term of the series.

Question 11.

Find the number of terms in each of the following APs :

18, 15, 13 …. , -47

Answer:

Given first term (a) = 18

Common difference (d) = n₂-n₁ = 15 - 18 = 2.5

a_n = -47

⇒ a_n = a + (n-1)d

-47 = 18 +(n-1) 2.5

65 = (n-1) 2.5

(n-1) = 26

n = 27

Therefore -47 is 27^th term of the series

Question 12.

Check whether, -150 is a term of the AP: 11, 8, 5, 2 ….

Answer:

Given first term (a) = 18

Common difference (d) = n₂-n₁ = 8 – 11 = -3

Let us consider -150 is a term in above series.

Then, a_n = -150

a_n = a + (n-1)d

-150 = 11 + (n-1)(-3)

-161 = (n-1)(-3)

n-1 =

n =

Since n is not an integer the given number is not in the series.

Question 13.

Find the 31^st term of an AP whose 11^thterm is 38 and the 16^th term is 73

Answer:

Given

11^thterm = 38

⇒ a + (11-1)d = 38 → 1

16^th term = 73

⇒ a + (16-1)d = 73 → 2

By subtracting the both equations we will get ‘d’

(a +10d) – (a+15d) = 38 -73

-5d = -35

d = 7

By substituting “d” in equation 1

a +10d = 38

a + 10×7 = 38

a = -32

a₃₁ = a + (31-1) d

= -32 + 30×7

= 178

Question 14.

If the 3^rd and the 9^th terms of an AP are 4 and -8 respectively, which term of this AP is zero?

Answer:

Given

a_n = 0, n = ?

3^rd term = 4

⇒ a + (3-1)d = 4 → 1

9^th term = 73

⇒ a + (9-1)d = -8 → 2

By subtracting the both equations we will get ‘d’

(a +2d) – (a+8d) = 4 – (-8)

-6d = 12

d = -2

By substituting “d” in equation 1

a +2d = 4

a + (-2)2 = 4

a = 8

a_n = a+(n-1)d

0 = 8+(n-1)(-2)

-8 = (n-1)(-2)

4 = n-1

n = 5

∴ 0 is the 5^th term in the series.

Question 15.

The 17^th term of an AP exceeds its 10^th term by 7. Find the common difference.

Answer:

Sum of the first n term is given by (s_n) = [2a + (n-1) d]

The sum of first 7 terms S₇ = 49 → 7²

S₇ = [2×a+(7-1)d]

49 = [2a+6d]

49 = 7[a+3d]

7 = a + 3d ⇒ 1

The sum of first 17 terms S₁₇ = 289 → 17²

S₁₇ = [2×a+(17-1)d]

289 = [2a+16d]

289 = 17[a+8d]

17 = a + 8d ⇒ 2

By subtracting both the equations

17 – 7 = a + 8d – (a+3d)

10 = 5d

d =2

∴ common difference (d) = 2

Substituting‘d’ in equation 1

7 = a + 3d

7 = a + 3(2)

a = 1

∴ Sum of the first n term is given by (s_n) = [2a + (n-1) d]

= [2×1 + (n-1)2]

= n[ 1+ (n-1)]

= n²

Question 16.

Two APs have the same common difference. The difference between their 100th terms is 100, what is the difference between their 1000th terms?

Answer:

Given that the 2 AP series has same common difference (d)

Let x, x+d, x+2d,…. X+(n-1)d &

y, y+d, y+2d,…..y+(n-1)d are the two A.P series

given that the difference between their 100th terms is 100

that is,

x+(100-1)d – (y+(100-1)d) = 100

x-y = 100

The difference between their 1000^th term is

= x+(1000-1)d –(y+(1000-1)d)

= x-y

We know that value from previous equation

= 100

∴ The difference between their 1000th terms is 100

Question 17.

How many three-digit numbers are divisible by 7?

Answer:

The series of three-digit numbers divisible 7 is,

105, 112, 119,…………. 994

So here first term (a) is 105

Since it is divisible by 7 the common difference will be 7

Let a_n = 994

a_n = a + (n-1) d

994 = 105 + (n-1) 7

889 = (n-1)7

127 = n-1

n = 128

Question 18.

How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250?

Answer:

The multiples of 4 lie between 10 & 250 is

12, 16, 20,.....248

So, first term (a) = 12

Since it is multiples if 4 the common difference will be 4

a_n = 248

a_n = a + (n-1) d

248 = 12 + (n-1) 4

236 = 4(n-1)

59 = n-1

n = 60.

Question 19.

For what value of n, are the nth terms of two APs: 63, 65, 67, …. And 3, 10, 17, …. Equal?

Answer:

We have to find the value of n, so that the nth term in the both series should be equal

63, 65, 67, ….

In the above series

First term (a₁) = 63,

Common difference (d₁) = 2

3, 10, 17, ….

First term (a₂) = 3,

Common difference (d₂) = 7

Since value of n^th term is equal we equate a_n of both the series.

a_n1 = a_n2

a₁ + (n-1)d₁ = a₂ + (n-1)d₂

63 + (n-1)2 = 3 + (n-1)7

61 +2n = 7n – 4

5n = 65

n = 13.

Question 20.

Determine the AP whose third term is 16 and the 7^thterm exceeds the 5^thterm by 12.

Answer:

Given

a₃ = 16; a₇ = a₅ + 12

a + (7-1) d = a + (5-1) d +12

2d = 12

d = 12

Common difference (d) = 12

Substituting value of d in a₃

a₃ = 16

a + (3-1) d = 16

a + 2 (6) = 16

a = 4

∴ The series will be a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d,….

4, 10, 16, 22,…

Question 21.

Find the 20^thterm from the end of the AP : 3, 8, 13, …., 253.

Answer:

Given:

First term (a) = 3

Common difference (d) = n₂ – n₁ = 8 - 3 = 5

a_n = a + (n-1)d

Let us find the total number of terms in A.P. Therefore,

253 = 3 + (n - 1) × 5

253 - 3 = 5(n - 1)

(n - 1) = 250/5 = 50

n = 51

Now, 20th term from end = (51 - 20 + 1)th term from beginning.

20th term from end = 32nd term from beginning.

Therefore,

a₃₂ = a + (32 - 1)d = 3 + 5 × 31

= 3 + 153

= 156

Hence, 20th term from end is 156.
Question 22.

The sum of the 4th and 8^thterms of an AP is 24 and the sum of the 6^th and 10^th terms is 44. Find the first three terms of the AP.

Answer:

Given,

a₄ + a₈ = 24;

(a + 3d) + (a + 7d) = 24

2a + 10d = 24 ⇒ a+5d = 12 → 1

We have been also given that

a₆ + a₁₀ = 44

(a + 5d) + (a + 9d) = 44

2a + 14d = 44 ⇒ a +7d = 22 → 2

By subtracting two equations

(a + 5d) - (a + 7d) = 12 – 22

-2d = -10

d = 5

Substitute d in any one of the equation.

a+5d = 12

a + 5×5 = 12

a = 2

The first 3 terms of the series is given by a, a+d, a+2d

⇒ 2, 2+5, 2+2×5

⇒ 2, 7, 12

Question 23.

Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual salary of Rs. 5000 and received an increment of Rs. 200 each year. In which year did his salary reach Rs. 7000?

Answer:

Initial salary of Subba Rao is Rs. 5000

That is first term (a) = 5000

He receives Rs.200 every year as increment

So, common difference (d) = 200

The year when he reaches Rs. 7000

So, a_n = 7000

a_n = a +(n-1)d

7000 = 5000 + (n-1) 200

2000 = 200(n-1)

10 = n-1

n = 11

So, it takes him 11 years to reach Rs. 7000

---

Exercise 6.3

Question 1.

Find the sum of the following APs:

2, 7, 12, …., to 10 terms.

Answer:

In the above series

First term (a) = 2

Common different (d) = n₂ – n₁ = 7 – 2 = 5

No. Of terms (n) = 10

The sum of the series is given by S_n = [ 2a + (n-1) d]

= [ 2×2 + (10-1)5]

= 245

Question 2.

Find the sum of the following APs:

-37, -33, -29, ……, to 12 terms.

Answer:

In the above series

First term (a) = -37

Common different (d) = n₂ – n₁ = -33 – (-37) = 4

No. Of terms (n) = 12

The sum of the series is given by S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

= [2×(-37) + (12-1)4]

= -180

Question 3.

Find the sum of the following APs:

0.6, 1.7,2.8, ….., to 100 terms.

Answer:

In the above series

First term (a) = 0.6

Common different (d) = n₂ – n₁ = 1.7 - 0.6 = 1.1

No. Of terms (n) = 100

The sum of the series is given by S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

= [2×(0.6) + (100-1)1.1]

= 5505

Question 4.

Find the sum of the following APs:

, , ….., to 11 terms

Answer:

In the above series

First term (a) =

Common different (d) = n₂ – n₁ = - =

No. Of terms (n) = 11

The sum of the series is given by S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

= [2×() + (11-1))]

= [ + ]

=

Question 5.

Find the sums given below:

7 + 10 + 14 +…. +84.

Answer:

We have given a formulae to find sum of the series when first and last numbers are given.

S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

Where n is the last term in the series

d is the common difference

a is the first term.

a_n = 84, a = 7

d = n₂ – n₁ = 10 - 7 = 3.5

a_n = a + (n-1)d

84 = 7 + (n-1)3.5

77 = 3.5(n-1)

22 = n-1

n = 23

The sum of the series is S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

= [ 2×7 + (23-1)3.5]

= [ 14 + (22× 3.5)

Question 6.

Find the sums given below:

34 + 32 + 30 +….+10

Answer:

The sum of the series given by

S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

Where n is the last term in the series

d is the common difference

a is the first term.

a_n = 10, a = 34

d = n₂ – n₁ = 32 - 34 = 2

a_n = a + (n-1)d

10 = 34 + (n-1)(-2)

-24 = -2(n-1)

12 = n-1

n = 13

The sum of the series is S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

= [ 2×34 + (13-1)(-2)]

= [ 44 ] ⇒ 286

Question 7.

Find the sums given below:

(-5) + (-8) + (-11) +…… + (-230)

Answer:

The sum of the series given by

S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

Where n is the last term in the series

d is the common difference

a is the first term.

a_n = -230, a = -5

d = n₂ – n₁ = (-8) – (-5) = -3

n^th term a_n = a + (n-1)d

-230 = (-5) + (n-1)(-3)

-225 = -3(n-1)

75 = n-1

n = 76

The sum of the series is S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

= [ 2×(-5) + (76-1)(-3)]

= 38 [ -235 ]

⇒ 8930

Question 8.

In an AP :

given a = 5, d = 3, a_n = 50 find n and s_n

Answer:

d is the common difference = 3

a is the first term = 5

a_n = 50

a_n = a + (n-1)d

50 = 5 + (n-1)(3)

45 = 3(n-1)

15 = n-1

n = 16

The sum of the series is S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

= [ 2×5 + (16-1)(3)]

= 8 [ 55 ]

⇒ 440

Question 9.

In an AP :

given a = 7, a_n = 35 find d and s₁₃

Answer:

d is the common difference

a is the first term = 7

a₁₃ = 35

a₁₃ = a + (13-1)d

35 = 7 + (12)(d)

28 = 12 d

d =

The sum of the series is S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

S₁₃ = [2×7 + (13-1) ]

= [42]

= 273

Question 10.

In an AP :

given d = 3, a₁₂ = 37 find a and s₁₂

Answer:

d is the common difference = 3

a is the first term

a₁₂ = 37

a₁₂ = a + (12-1)d

37 = a + (11)3

a = 4

The sum of the series is S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

S₁₂ = [2×4 + (12-1)×3]

= 6 [41]

= 246

Question 11.

In an AP :

given S₁₀ = 125, a₃ = 15 find d and a₁₀

Answer:

d is the common difference of the series

a is the first term of the series

a₃ = 15(Given in the Question)

We know that :-

a_n= a + (n-1)d

∴ a₃= a + (3-1)d

a₃= a + 2d=15.......(i)

The sum of the series is S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

∴S₁₀ =10/2 [2×a + (10-1)×d]

⇒125 = 5[2a + 9d)

⇒ 25 = 2a + 9d...... (ii)

Solving (i) and (ii) we get:-

2a + 9d= 25
a + 2d= 15 (Multiplying the Equation by 2 and changing the sign)

⇒ 2a + 9d = 25
2a + 4d = 30
- - -
--------------------
⇒ 5d = (-5)
---------------------

∴ d= (-1)

After putting value of d in any of the above equation we get a=17

∴ a ₁₀ = 17 + (10-1)(-1)
= 8

Question 12.

In an AP :

given a = 2, S_n = 90, d = 8 find n and a_n

Answer:

First term (a) = 2

Common difference (d) = 8

S_n = 90

The sum of the series is S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

90 = [2×2 + (n-1)8]

90 = 4n² – 2n

2n² – n - 45 = 0

By solving the above quadratic equation we will get

2n² -10n + 9n – 45 = 0

2n(n-5) + 9(n-5) = 0

n = 5

a_n = a + (n-1)d

a₅ = 2 + (5-1)8 = 34

Question 13.

In an AP :

given a_n = 4, d = 2, s_n = -14. Find n and a

Answer:

Given, series in A.P.

n^th term in the AP a_n = 4,

Common difference (d) = 2

Sum of the series is s_n = -14

a_n = a +(n-1)d

4 = a + (n-1)2

6 = a + 2n

a = 6 – 2n ⇒ 1

Sum of the series (s_n) = [2a + (n-1) d]

-14 = [ 2×(6-2n) + (n-1)2]

-14 = n[5-n]

n² -5n -14 = 0

n² -7n + 2n -14 = 0

n(n-7) + 2(n-7) = 0

(n-7)(n+2) = 0

n-7 = 0 ⇒ n = 7 (or) n+2 = 0 ⇒ n = -2

since n should be a positive integer

we take n = 7

substitute in equation 1

a = 6 – 2n

a = 6 – 2(7)

a = -8

∴ first term is -8

Question 14.

In an AP :

given l = 28, s_n = 144 and there are 9 terms Find and a

Answer:

Given

Last term (l) = 28

Sum of the series s_n = 144

The number of terms in the series (n) = 9

We have another formula to find sum of the series, when common difference is not given

Sum of the series s_n = [a +l]

Where a is the first term

144 = [a + 28]

32 = a + 28

4 = a

∴ first term (a) = 4.

Question 15.

The first and the last terms of an AP are 17 and 350 respectively. If the common difference is 9, how many terms are there and what is their sum?

Answer:

Given first term (a) = 17, last term (a_n) = 350

Common difference (d) = 9

a_n = a + (n-1) d

350 = 17 + (n-1) 9

333 = 9(n-1)

37 = n-1

n = 38.

Sum of the series (s_n) = [2a + (n-1) d]

= ( 2×17 +(38-1)9)

= 19 × 367

= 6973

Question 16.

Find the sum of first 51 terms of an AP whose second and third terms are 14 and 18 respectively.

Answer:

Second term (a₂) = 14; Third term (a₃) = 18

a₂ = a+(2-1)d

14 = a+d ⇒ 1

a₃ = a+(3-1)d

18 = a+2d ⇒ 2

By subtracting both the equations

14 -18 = a+d –(a+2d)

-4 = -d

d = 4

By substituting d in the equation 1

a + d = 14

a + 4 = 14

a = 10

The sum of first 51 terms is given by (s_n) = [2a + (n-1) d]

S₅₁ = [2×10 + (51-1) 4]

= 5610

Question 17.

If the sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that of 17 terms is 289, find the sum of first n terms.

Answer: Given: S₇ = 49 and S₁₇ = 289
Let a be the first term, and d be the common difference of the given A.P.

Therefore,


And

7[a + 3d] = 49

a + 3d = 7.......(1)

Also,


17[a + 8d] = 289

a + 8d = 17......(2)

Subtracting equation 1 from equation 2 we get,

8d - 3d = 17 - 7

5d = 10

d = 2

Putting the value of d in equation 1, we get,

a + 3.2 = 7

a + 6 = 7

a = 1


Question 18.

Show that a₁, a₂,…..a_n form an AP where is defined as below :

a_n = 3+4n

Also find the sum of the first 15 terms in each case.

Answer:

Given a_n = 3+4n

So, a₁ = 3+4(1) = 7

a₂ = 3+4(2) = 11

a₃ = 3+4(3) = 15

as of now a₁, a₂, a₃ have the same common difference (d) = 4

so given one is A.P

The sum of first 15 terms is given by (s_n) = [2a + (n-1) d]

= [ 2×7 +(15-1) 4]

= 525

Question 19.

Show that a₁, a₂,…..a_n form an AP where is defined as below :

a_n = 9-5n

Also find the sum of the first 15 terms in each case.

Answer:

Given a_n = 9-5n

So, a₁ = 9 – 5(1) = 4

a₂ = 9 -5(2) = -1

a₃ = 9 – 5(3) = -6

as of now a₁, a₂, a₃ have the same common difference

so given one is A.P

The sum of first 15 terms is given by (s_n) = [2a + (n-1) d]

= [ 2×4 +(15-1) (-5)]

= -465

Question 20.

If the sum of first n terms of an AP is 4n-n² what is the first (remember the first term is s₁)? What is the sum of first two terms? What is the second term? Similarly, find the 3rd,and the 10th and the nth terms.

Answer:

The sum of first n terms is given by 4n –n²

So the first term is

a₁ = 4(1) – 1² = 3

the sum of first two term S₂ = 4(2) – 2² = 4

The difference between S₂ & S₁ gives us 2^nd term

a₂ = S₂ - S₁ = 4-3 = 1

the sum of first 3 term S₃ = 4(3) – 3² = 3

The difference between S₂ & S₃ gives us 3^rd term

a₃ = S₃ – S₂ = 3-4 = -1

From this we can find common difference = a₂ – a₁ = 1-3 = -2

So the 10^th term is = a + (10-1)d

= 3 + 9×(-2) = -15

n^th term is = a + (n-1)d

= 3 + (n-1)×(-2) = 5 -2n

Question 21.

Find the sum of the first 40 positive integers divisible by 6.

Answer:

The first 40 positive integers divisible by 6 are,

6, 12,…..240

Here we have n = 40 terms

First term (a) = 6;

Common difference is 6 since they are multiple of 6

The sum of 6 terms is given by (s_n) = [2a + (n-1) d]

S₆ = [2×6 + (40-1)6]

= 4920

Question 22.

A sum of Rs. 700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to students of a school for their overall academic performance. If each prize is Rs. 20 less than its preceding prize, find the value of each of the prizes.

Answer:

Let p be the first prize awarded to students

Since there are 7 cash prizes, n = 7

So a₁ = x

Then the preceding prizes will be Rs. 20 lesser

So the series will be

p, p-20, p-40,…. p-120.

Since preceding prizes will be Rs. 20 lesser the common difference is 20

The sum of all prizes are given by (s₇) = 700

[2×(p)+(7-1)(-20)] = 700

(2p - 120) = 200

2p = 320

P = 160

So, the each prize cost will be

160, 140, 120, 100, 80, 60, 40

Question 23.

In a school, students thought of planting trees in and around the school to reduce air pollution. It was decided that the number of trees, that each section of each class will plant, will be the same as the class, in which they are studying, e.g., a section of Class I will plant 1 tree, a section of Class II will plant 2 trees and so on till Class XII. There are three sections of each class. How many trees will be planted by the students?

Answer:

Given that each section of each class will plant a trees.

e.g., a section of Class I will plant 1 tree, a section of Class II will plant 2 trees and so on till Class XII. There are three sections.

So the trees planted by each class will be like this

1 × 3, 2 × 3, 3 × 3,…. 12 × 3

⇒ 3, 6, 9,…..36

In the above series

First term (a) = 3

Common difference (d) = a₂ – a₁ = 6-3 = 3

The sum of 12 terms is given by (s_n) = [2a + (n-1) d]

S₁₂ = [2×3 + (12-1) 3]

= 6( 6+33) = 234

So, totally 234 trees will be planted by students in the school.

Question 24.

A spiral is made up of successive semicircles, with centres alternately at A and B, starting with centre at A, of radii 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm, . . . as shown in Fig. 5.4. What is the total length of such a spiral made up of thirteen consecutive semicircles? Take π =

[Hint : Length of successive semicircles is l₁ , l₂, l₃, l₄ ,…with centres at A, B, A, B, ….., respectively.]

Answer:

Firstly, we have find circumference of each semi circle to find the total length

The circumference for semicircles is given by πr

where r is radius of each semi circle

the radii of circles is given by 0.5, 1.0,….6.5

l₁ = πr₁ = = 1.57cm

l₁ = πr₂ = = 3.14cm

Likewise we calculate all the other circumferences

1.57, 3.14,…… 20.41

The first term (a) = 1.57

Common difference (d) = a₂ – a₁ = 3.14 -1.57 = 1.57

The sum of 13 terms is given by (s_n) = [2a + (n-1) d]

S₁₃ = [2×1.57 + (13-1) 1.57]

= 6.5×21.98

= 142.87 = 143 (app.)

So, the total length of the spiral made is 143 cm

Question 25.

200 logs are stacked in the following manner: 20 logs in the bottom row, 19 in the next row, 18 in the row next to it and so on. In how many rows are the 200 logs placed and how many logs are in the top row?

Answer:

Let us consider the row number as the term in the series & the no. Of logs present in the each row as the values

20 logs in the bottom row, 19 in the next row, 18 in the row next to it and so on.

Considering bottom row as first term so (a) = 20

Second term a₂ = 19

Common difference (d) = a₂ – a = 19-20 = -1

Given that 200 logs are stacked

So, s_n = 200

S_n = [2a + (n-1) d]

Here n is the no. Of rows are used to pile the log.

S_n = [2×20+ (n-1)(-1)]

200 = (41-n)

400 = 41n – n²

n² -41n+400 = 0

n² – 25n -16n + 400 = 0

n(n-25) -16(n-25) = 0

(n-16)(n-25) = 0

∴ n = 16 or 25

Let us take n = 16, because 25 is higher value and that is not feasible solution for the problem

a₁₆ = a+(16-1)d = 20+15×(-1) = 5

There will be 5 logs in top row.

Question 26.

In a bucket and ball race, a bucket is placed at the starting point, which is 5 m from the first ball, and the other balls are placed 3 m apart in a straight line. There are ten balls in the line.



A competitor starts from the bucket, picks up the nearest ball, runs back with it, drops it in the bucket, runs back to pick up the next ball, runs to the bucket to drop it in, and she continues in the same way until all the balls are in the bucket. What is the total distance the competitor has to run?

[Hint : To pick up the first ball and the second ball, the total distance (in metres) run by a competitor is ]

Answer:

The distance between the first ball and the bucket is 5m

So the competitor runs 10m (forward + backward)

The second ball the placed 3m ahead of first ball

For second ball he will 16.

Likewise, the distance covered by each ball is

3^rd = 22, 4^th = 28,….. 10^th = 64

Common difference (d) = 3^rd - 2^nd = 22-16 = 6

Here there are 10 balls to be picked so n = 10

Last term a₁₀ = 64

The sum of all the distance is given by S_n = (2a +(n-1)d)

=

= 5×(74) = 370

So the total distance covered by the competitor to pick all the is 370

---

Exercise 6.4

Question 1.

In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved in the form of a GP.?

Salary of Sharmila, when her salary is Rs. 5,00,000 for the first year and expected to receive yearly increase of 10%.

Answer:

This is not likely be to in G.P

Initially the salary of sharmila is 5,00,000

They have said that she will get 10% every year

For second year her salary will be increased by 10% of 5,00,000.

So her second year salary will be 5,50,000

For third year her salary will be increased by 10% of 5,00,000.

So her second year salary will be 6,00,000

You can see the common ratios will be same r =

= =

r = = =

Question 2.

In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved in the form of a GP.?

Number of bricks needed to make each step, if the stair case has total 30 steps. Bottom step needs 100 bricks and each successive step needs 2 brick less than the previous step.

Answer:

This is not in GP

Since they have given common difference -2

They have said that successive steps need 2 bricks less than the previous.

Question 3.

In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved in the form of a GP.?

Perimeter of each triangle, when the mid points of sides of equilateral triangle whose side is 24 cm are joined to form another triangle, whose mid points in turn are joined to form still another triangle and the process continues indefinitely.

Answer:

It has been already given that the perimeter of any figure is drawn by using the midpoint of the same figure in GP.

If the perimeter of that triangle is “a” then the perimeter of the triangles formed by using midpoint is , ….,

Perimeter of a triangle is = s₁ + s₂ + s₃ = 24 + 24 + 24 = 72

In the same way the perimeter of given triangle is 72

The perimeter of the triangles formed by using midpoint will be 36, 18, 9

We can see that their common ratios is same

R₁ =

R₂ =

Question 4.

Write three terms of the GP when the first term ‘a’ and the common ratio ‘r’ are given?

a = 4, r = 3

Answer:

First term (a) = 4; common ratio (r) = 3

The three terms are given by

⇒ a, ar, ar².

= 4, 4×3, 4×3²

= 4, 12, 24

Question 5.

Write three terms of the GP when the first term ‘a’ and the common ratio ‘r’ are given?

a = √5, r =

Answer:

First term (a) = 4; common ratio (r) = 3

The three terms are given by

⇒ a, ar, ar².

= √5, √5×, √5×( ² = √5,

Question 6.

Write three terms of the GP when the first term ‘a’ and the common ratio ‘r’ are given?

a = 81, r =

Answer:

First term (a) = 81; common ratio (r) =

The three terms are given by

⇒ a, ar, ar².

= 81, 81×, 81ײ = 81, -27, 9

Question 7.

Write three terms of the GP when the first term ‘a’ and the common ratio ‘r’ are given?

a = , r = 2

Answer:

First term (a) = ; common ratio (r) = 2

The three terms are given by

⇒ a, ar, ar².

= , ×2, ײ

=

Question 8.

Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more terms?

4, 8, 16,….

Answer:

Here first term is (a) = 4

r₁ =

r₂ =

Common ratios are equal so the given series is in GP.

a₄ = a r³ = 4×2³ = 4×8 = 32

a₅ = a r⁴ = 4×2⁴ = 4×16 = 64

a₆ = a r⁵ = 4×2⁵ = 4×32 = 128

Question 9.

Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more terms?

, ,……

Answer:

Here first term is (a) =

r₁ =

r₂ =

Common ratios are equal so the given series is in GP.

Question 10.

Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more terms?

5, 55, 555, …………

Answer:

Here first term is (a) = 5

The common ratios are not equal so this is not in GP

Question 11.

Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more terms?

-2, -6, -18 ……..

Answer:

Here first term is (a) = -2

r₁ =

r₂ =

Common ratios are equal so the given series is in GP.

a₄ = a r³ = -2×3³ = -2 × 27 = -54

a₅ = a r⁴ = -2×3⁴ = -2 × 81 = -162

a₆ = a r⁶ = -2×3⁵ = -2 × 243 = -486

Question 12.

Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more terms?

……..

Answer:

Here first term is (a) =

r₁ =

r₂ =

The common ratios are not equal so this is not in GP

Question 13.

Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more terms?

3, -3², 3³…….

Answer:

Here first term is (a) = 3

r₁ =

r₂ =

Common ratios are equal so the given series is in GP.

a₄ = a r³ = 3×(-3)³ = 3 × -27 = -81

a₅ = a r⁴ = 3×(-3)⁴ = 3 × 81 = 243

a₆ = a r⁵ = 3×(-3)⁵ = 3 × -243 = -729

Question 14.

Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more terms?

x, 1, ……

Answer:

Here first term is (a) = x

r₁ =

r₂ =

Common ratios are equal so the given series is in GP.

a₄ = a r³ = x(³ =

a₅ = a r⁴ = x(⁴ =

a₆ = a r⁵ = x(⁵ =

Question 15.

Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more terms?

Answer:

First term is (a) =

r₁ = = -2√2

r₂ = -2√2

Common ratios are equal so the given series is in GP.

a₄ = a r³ = (-2√2)³ = -16

a₅ = a r⁴ = (-2√2)⁴ = 32√2

a₆ = a r⁵ = (-2√2)⁵ = -128

Question 16.

Which of the following are GP? If they are in GP. Write three more terms?

0.4, 0.04, 0.004, ……

Answer:

Here first term is (a) = 0.4

r₁ =

r₂ =

Common ratios are equal so the given series is in GP.

a₄ = a r³ = 0.4×(0.1)³ = 0.0004

a₅ = a r⁴ = 0.4×(0.1)⁴ = 0.00004

a₆ = a r⁵ = 0.4×(0.1)⁵ = 0.000004

Question 17.

Find x so that x, x+2, x+6 are consecutive terms of a geometric progression.

Answer:

In a GP common ratio are equal

x, x+2, x+6…..

r =

(x+2)² = x(x+6)

X² + 4 + 4x = x² +6x

2x = 4

X = 2

---

Exercise 6.5

Question 1.

For each geometric progression find the common ratio ‘r’, and then find a_n

3, ,,…..

Answer:

First term (a) = 3

Common ratio (r) = =

n^th term in the GP (a_n) = ar^n-1

a_n = 3^n-1

Question 2.

For each geometric progression find the common ratio ‘r’, and then find a_n

2, -6, 18, -54….

Answer:

First term (a) = 2

Common ratio (r) = =

n^th term in the GP (a_n) = ar^n-1

a_n = 2(^n-1

Question 3.

For each geometric progression find the common ratio ‘r’, and then find a_n

-1, -3, -9, -27….

Answer:

First term (a) = -1

Common ratio (r) = =

n^th term in the GP (a_n) = ar^n-1

a_n = 3(^n-1 = 3ⁿ

Question 4.

For each geometric progression find the common ratio ‘r’, and then find a_n

5, 2, …….

Answer:

First term (a) = 5

Common ratio (r) = =

n^th term in the GP (a_n) = ar^n-1

a_n = (5) (^n-1 = (^n-1

Question 5.

Find the 10^thand nth term of GP. : 5, 25, 125, …….

Answer:

First term (a) = 5

Common ratio (r) = =

n^th term in the GP (a_n) = ar^n-1

a_n = 5(5^n-1 = 5ⁿ

10^th term in the GP (a₁₀) = ar^10-1

a₁₀ = 5×5⁹ = 5¹⁰

Question 6.

Find the indicated term of each geometric Progression

a₁ = 9, r = find a₇

Answer:

First term (a) = 9

Common ratio (r) =

7^th term in the GP (a₇) = ar^7-1 = ar⁶

=

Question 7.

Find the indicated term of each geometric Progression

a₁ = -12, r = find a₆

Answer:

First term (a) = -12

Common ratio (r) =

6^th term in the GP (a₆) = ar^6-1 = ar⁵

Question 8.

Which term of the GP.

2, 8, 32, ……. is 512?

Answer:

First term (a) = 2

Common ratio (r)

n^th term in the GP (a_n) = ar^n-1

512 = 2×4^n-1

256 = 4^n-1

4⁴ = 4^n-1

Equating powers on both sides

n-1 = 4 = 5

Question 9.

Which term of the GP.

√3, 3, 3√3…… is 729?

Answer:

First term (a) = √3

Common ratio (r)

n^th term in the GP (a_n) = ar^n-1

729 = √3×(√3)^n-1

3⁶ = √3ⁿ

Equating powers on both sides

= 6 ⇒ n = 12.

Question 10.

Which term of the GP.

, ,,….is ?

Answer:

First term (a) =

Common ratio (r)

n^th term in the GP (a_n) = ar^n-1

= ^n-1 = )ⁿ

()⁷ = )ⁿ

Equating powers on both sides

n = 7

Question 11.

Find the 12^th term of a GP. Whose 8^th term is 192 and the common ratio is 2.

Answer:

Given,

common ratio (r) is 2.

8^th term is 192

⇒ ar^8-1 = 192

a×2⁷ = 192

a = =

12^th term of a GP = ar^12-1 = ar¹¹

= ×2¹¹ = 3072.

Question 12.

The 4^th term of a geometric progression is and the seventh term is Find the geometric series.

Answer:

Given,

4^th term of the series =

ar³ =

a = ⇒ 1

7^th term of a series =

ar⁶ = ⇒ 2

Substituting ‘a’ in 1

× r⁶ =

r³ =

r³ = (³

equating power and base we will get

r =

The geometric series is a, ar, ar², ar³

,²,…..

, , , ,……

Question 13.

If the geometric progressions 162, 54, 18 …. and have their nth term equal. Find the value of n.

Answer:

Given series 162, 54, 18 ….

First term (a₁) = 162

Common ratio (r₁) = = =

, …..

First term (a₂) =

Common ratio (r₂) = = = 3

n^th term of both the series is equal.

a₁ r₁^n-1 = a₂r₂^n-1

162×()^n-1 = × 3^n-1

81² = 3^2n-2

3⁸ = 3^2n-2

Comparing the powers on both sides

8 = 2n-2

10 = 2n

n = 5