Chapter 1: Basics of Information Technology
Complete the following activity
SOLUTION
Operating
Tick the appropriate box
Internet is a ______ network connecting millions of computer.
OPTIONS
Regional
Global
Local
Complete the following activity
SOLUTION
Universal
Tick the appropriate box
OPTIONS
Print CPU information
Print path of current directory
Print the name of current user
Complete the following activity
SOLUTION
Storage
Divide the following device into appropriate categories.
Monitor
OPTIONS
Input Device
Output Device
Barcode reader
OPTIONS
Input Device
Output Device
Printer
OPTIONS
Input Device
Output Device
Keyboard
OPTIONS
Input Device
Output Device
Optical character reader
OPTIONS
Input Device
Output Device
Speaker
OPTIONS
Input Device
Output Device
Complete the Tree Diagram.
SOLUTION
Memory
> Primary memory
> RAM (Random Access Memory)
> ROM (Read Only Memory)
Memory
> Secondary Memory
Name the following and complete the diagram.
SOLUTION
Asha
Android
iOS
Windows Phone
Complete the following with Linux commands with their use.
pwd
SOLUTION
[Print Working Directory] Prints the path to the current directory.
ls
SOLUTION
[List Directories] Prints the list of directories in the current one.
Complete the list of following protocols.
SOLUTION
TCP/IP
DNS
IMAP
DHCP
HTTP
FTP
Complete the following Long form.
LAN - Local ______ Network.
SOLUTION
LAN - Local Area Network.
GUI - ______ User Interface.
SOLUTION
GUI - Graphical User Interface.
OSS - Open Source ______.
SOLUTION
OSS - Open Source Software.
Identify the following activity.
You are typing a letter using a computer and suddenly there is a power failure. Which type of Memory does this activity deal?
SOLUTION
RAM
What is Data and Information?
SOLUTION
Data: Information in raw or unorganized form such as alphabets, numbers, or symbols that refer to, represent, condition, ideas, or objects. Data is limitless and present processed by a computer, for output as usable information.
Information: Processed data is known as information. It is formatted in a manner that allows it to be utilized to persons in a significant way. When the data is interpreted, organized and formatted one can collect proper information.
Give examples of data and information.
SOLUTION
Example of Data : Umbar, 1234, Xyz, MG Road, Calcutta, 9111111111, 84084
Example of Information : Xyz, 1234, MG Road, Umbar 84084, Calcutta, 9111111111
Explain functional units of a computer system.
SOLUTION
Computer system has following three basic components:
Input unit
As input device is any hardware device that ends data to a computer, allowing you to interacts with and controls it. Data can be in the form of words, symbols, number etc. The function of the input device is to direct commands and data into computer.
For example keyboard, mouse, scanners, digital cameras, joysticks, and microphones.
Central processing unit
After receiving data and commands from the user, a computer system has to process the instructions provided using Central Processing Unit (CPU). It has three elements:
(a) Arithmetic and Logic Unit: An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a major component of the-central processing unit of a computer system. It does all processes related to arithmetic and logic operations like add, subtract, multiply etc.
(b) Control Unit: The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer’s memory, arithmetic and logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor.
(c) Memory Unit: Memory unit is the amount of data that can be stored in the storage unit. Once the data has been entered using input devices, the system stores the data in the memory unit.
Types of Memory. ‘Primary Memory & Secondary Memory.
Primary Memory: It 18 internal memory of the computer also known as main memory’. ‘ It is of two types RAM and ROM
RAM (Random Access Memory) 'RAM stands for Random Access Memory also known as read/write memory. Information stored in this memory is lost as the power supply to the computer is switched off; it is also called as “Volatile Memory”.
ROM(Read Only Memory) :ROM stands for Read Only Memory. ROM is a permanent Type memory. The contents are not lost as the power supply to the computer is switched off. ROM cannot be overwritten by the compute. It is also called “Non Volatile Memory”.
Secondary Memory: It is external memory of the computer which is used to store large amount of data. The secondary storage devices are: Hard disk, Pen drive, CD, DVD etc.
Output Unit
An output device is any device used to send data from a computer to another device or user. Most computer data output that is ‘meant for humans is in the form of audio or video. Thus, most output devices used by humans are in these categories. Examples include monitors, projectors, speakers,
What is a storage unit?
SOLUTION
When a user enters data using input devices, the computer system stores this data in memory unit i.e. storage unit. The storage unit uses a set of pre-programmed instructions to further transmit this data to other parts of CPU. There are two types of memory
Primary memory
Secondary memory
Explain types of primary memory storage.
SOLUTION
RAM: It stands for Random Access Memory. RAM is known as read/write memory. It is the main memory of the computer system. The information stored in this memory is lost as the power supply to the computer is switched off, so it is also called as "Volatile Memory.”
ROM: It stands for Read Only Memory. ROM is permanent memory. The content is not lost when power supply is switched off. ROM cannot be overwritten by the computer, so it is also called ”Non-Volatile Memory”,
Explain how Linux is different from Windows.
SOLUTION
Linux is an open source system whereas the Windows operating system is commercial.
Linux has access to source code and alters the code as per user need whereas a window does not have access to-source code.
Linux distributions don’t collect user data” whereas Windows collects all the user details which lead to privacy concerns.
As the software is open to the public, it constantly updates, improves and expands as more people can work on its improvement.
Write down the difference between LAN, MAN and WAN.
SOLUTION
LAN (Local Area network)
LAN Stands for Local Area Network
A LAN is a network of connected devices that exist within a specific location.
LANs may be found in homes, offices, educational institution, or other areas
LAN is easy to set up.
Data transmits at a very fast rate.
MAN (Metropolitan Area network)
MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network
A public or private network used to connect various locations including suburbs in metropolitan cities.
A MAN is a network, which covers an entire city, but uses LAN topology.
MANs are formed by connecting multiple LANs
Examples of a MAN are the cable TV network in a city
3) WAN (Wide Area network)
WAN stands for Wide Area Network
A WAN is any network that crosses metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries
Most networking professionals define a WAN as any network that uses routers and public network links (for e.g. Telephone lines).
Due to long distance transmission, the noise and errors are more in WAN.
The best example of WAN is the Internet.
Balbharati Solutions for Information Technology (IT) 11th Standard HSC Maharashtra State Board
The answers for the Balbharati books are the best study material for students. These Balbharati Solutions for Information Technology (IT) 11th Standard HSC Maharashtra State Board will help students understand the concepts better.
• Chapter 1: Basics of Information Technology
• Chapter 2: Introduction to DBMS
• Chapter 3: Impressive Web Designing
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