Chapter 10: The world since 1945 - 2

Choose the correct alternative and complete the following statement.

The _________ Missile Crisis took place in 1962.

OPTIONS

American
Cuban
Russian
Chinese

In 1978, the United States held a conference at _______________ to resolve the Arab Irsael dispute.

OPTIONS

Camp David
Helsinki
Paris
Geneva

Identify the incorrect pair in every set, correct it, and rewrite.

OPTIONS

Iran - Ayatollah Khomeini
Afghanistan - Babrak Karmal
Soviet Union - Richard Nixon

SOLUTION

USA - Richard Nixon

Select the appropriate concept for the given statement.

Prohibiting ships from entering the port or a country.

SOLUTION

Naval Blockade

Reconstruction of the political and economic system established in the Soviet Union.

SOLUTION

Perestroika

Complete the concept map.

SOLUTION

Observe the given map and answer the following questions.

(i) Name any 4 countries formed after the disintegration of Soviet Union.

(ii) Name two neighbouring countries of Hungary.

SOLUTION

Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Armenia, Georgia Latvia, Estonia, Moldova, Lithuania, Azerbaijan
Austria, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Slovakia.

State whether the following statement is true or false with reasons.

Non-aligned countries put forth the demand of NAFTA.

OPTIONS

True
False

SOLUTION

This statement is False.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was set up as a 'trade bloc' in January 1994. 97
It was signed between the USA, Canada, and Mexico to encourage free trade between the three North American Nations (trilateral trade bloc).

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the founder of ASEAN.

OPTIONS

True
False

SOLUTION

This statement is False.

Association of South-East Asian Nations was established in 1967 by the Bangkok declaration.
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961 at Belgrade.

Explain the co-relation between the following.

Cold war and Non-aligned movement

SOLUTION

The Cold War began after the end of the Second World War in 1945. It refers to a period of intense ideological hostility, build-up of armaments, the establishment of military alliances e.g., NATO, WARSAW Pact, etc., and even proxy wars such as in Korea and Vietnam. There were many efforts from 1945-1991 on the part of both superpowers to bring about detente i.e., reduction of hostilities and tensions e.g., Moscow Summit (1972). However, for most of this period, the world was divided into the Capitalist bloc (led by the USA and including England, France, etc.) and the Communist bloc (led by USSR and including East European nations).

There were a number of newly independent countries as well as some other Third World countries who did not want to join the military alliances of any power bloc. Through the initiative of Jawaharlal Nehru (India) and Marshall Tito (Yugoslavia), the NAM was formally established in 1961 at Belgrade. Other member countries included Ghana, Egypt, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, etc. Non-alignment is based on two main principles (i) independent understanding of world affairs (ii) peace approach. It does not mean political neutrality or passivity but active participation in world affairs without joining any power bloc or military alliance.

Explain the term - New Cold War.

SOLUTION

Two events that occurred in 1979 change the course of detente.

Islamic Revolution in Iran under leader Ayatollah Khomeini overthrew the rule of M.R. Shah Pahlavi. The new government withdrew from the CENTO alliance.
Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979 and installed Babrak Karma! as the President. The insurgent groups in Afghanistan (mujahideen) fought against this government (1979 - 1989).

New Cold War refers to the end of the period of detente and the return of tensions between the USA and the USSR.

What is a trade bloc?

SOLUTION

A trade bloc is created when a group of nations make special agreements regarding their economic relationships with each other. The agreements generally focus on the relaxation or even elimination of trade barriers. The most common types of trade barriers are tariffs (taxes on imports) and quotas (limits or the quantities of various imports).

Express your opinion on the following.

India played an important role in the Cold War.

SOLUTION

Try Yourself

Answer the following in detail with reference to the given points

Elaborate the period of Detente.

(a) meaning

(b) initiatives taken by superpower to reduce tensions

SOLUTION

Meaning of detente: Detente refers to efforts to bring about a reduction in tensions between the USA and the USSR. This was an attempt by the two 'superpowers' themselves. The Cuban Missile Crises brought in a realization of a possible nuclear confrontation and the need to deescalate the tensions.
Initiatives taken by the superpowers to reduce tensions: After the Cuban Missile Crisis, both USA and USSR made several efforts at reducing bilateral tensions (detente). This included - (a) a hotline was set up between main leaders of the two nations (b) signing of agreements such as NNPT, LTBT to reduce nuclear weapons (c) 1972, Moscow Summit between President Nixon (USA) and Brezhnev (USSR). Other initiatives were -
1) Conference at Paris (1973) to bring the Vietnam crisis to an end.
2) Helsinki conference on security in Europe (1975) was attended by 35 nations including the USA and USSR. It aimed to reduce the tensions between eastern and western European countries.
3) The first joint US-Soviet space flight was the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (1975)
4) The USA held a conference at Camp David in 1978 to resolve the long-pending Arab-Israel dispute. The 'Framework for Peace in the Middle East' was signed between President Carter (U8A) President Sadat (Egypt) and Prime Minister Begin (Israel).

Balbharati Solutions for Political Science 11th Standard Maharashtra State Board Chapterwise List - Free

The answers for the Balbharati books are the best study material for students. These Balbharati Solutions for Political Science 11th Standard Maharashtra State Board will help students understand the concepts better.

• Chapter 1: The State

• Chapter 2: Liberty and Rights

• Chapter 3: Equality and Justice

• Chapter 4: Constitutional Government

• Chapter 5: Concept of Representation

• Chapter 6: Role of the Judiciary

• Chapter 7: Public Administration

• Chapter 8: Development Administration

• Chapter 9: The world since 1945 - 1

• Chapter 10: The world since 1945 - 2